Adenosine 3 phosphate 5 phosphosulfate paps

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Macao

Adenosine 3'-Phosphate 5'-Phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a chemical compound that functions as an activated sulfate donor in various biological processes. It serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in sulfation reactions.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Spelling variants of this product

Adenosine (376 citations) Adenosine 5’ phosphosulfate (8 citations) Adenosine-3′-phosphate-5′-phosphosulfate (5 citations) Adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) lithium salt hydrate (2 citations)

6 protocols using adenosine 3 phosphate 5 phosphosulfate paps

Enzymatic Metabolism of Phenanthrene

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cell culture
medium and reagents
were all obtained from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA) except for fetal
bovine serum (FBS), which was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT).
Human recombinant uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases
(UGT) 2B7 Supersomes (microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect
cells expressing UGTs) were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose,
CA). Human recombinant sulfotransferases (SULT) 1A1 and human recombinant
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were expressed
and purified according to published methods.^{21 (link),22 (link)} Phenanthrene, Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, dithiothreitol, uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic
acid (UDPGA), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate
(PAPS), and S-(5′-adenosyl)-l-methionine
(AdoMet) chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis,
MO). All other chemicals used were of the highest grade available,
and all solvents were HPLC grade.

Huang M., Zhang L., Mesaros C., Zhang S., Blaha M.A., Blair I.A, & Penning T.M. (2014). Metabolism of a Representative Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 27(5), 852-863.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Mouse Liver S9 Stability Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mouse S9 stability experiments were conducted utilizing a solution containing Tris buffer (50 mM ,pH 7.4), mouse S9 fraction (1 mg/mL, XenoTech, LLC, Lenexa, KS, USA), magnesium chloride (20 mM), NADPH (2 mM), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (2 mM), Adenosine 3′-Phosphate 5′-Phosphosulfate (PAPS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (0.1 mM) and saccharolactone (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (5 mM). The reaction mixture (final volume 1.0 mL) was pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a water bath maintaining 60 rpm. The reaction was initiated upon addition of 2 μM final concentration of MO-OH-Nap (2 μL from 1 mM stock). Samples (100 μL) were collected at different time intervals (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 60 and 90 min) and quenched with 300 μL of methanol: acetonitrile (1:1). Testosterone, 7-HC and diclofenac were used as positive controls. Supernatants (10 μL) were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The S9 fraction is a supernatant obtained from mouse liver homogenate by centrifuging at 9000g.

Haney S.L., Varney M.L., Safranek H.R., Chhonker Y.S., G-Dayanandan N., Talmon G., Murry D.J., Wiemer A.J., Wright D.L, & Holstein S.A. (2018). Tropolone-Induced Effects on the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells Are Dependent on Iron. Leukemia research, 77, 17-27.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Enzymatic Modification of 5-Methylcytosine

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cell culture media and reagents were purchased from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Human recombinant uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 2B7 Supersomes (microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing UGTs) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Human recombinant sulfotransferases (SULT) 1A1 and human recombinant catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were expressed and purified as described by us.^{23 (link),24 (link)} 5-MC, dithiothreitol, uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and S-(5′-adenosyl)-l-methionine (AdoMet) chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). 5-MC-1,2-dione was purchased from MRIGlobal Chemical Carcinogen Repository (Kansas City, MO). 5-Hydroxy-5-MC and 7-hydroxy-5-MC were synthesized as described in the Supporting Information. All solvents were HPLC grade, and all other chemicals used were of the highest grade available.

Huang M., Zhang L., Mesaros C., Hackfeld L.C., Hodge R.P., Blair I.A, & Penning T.M. (2015). Metabolism of an Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon 5-Methylchrysene in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Chemical research in toxicology, 28(10), 2045-2058.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Enzymatic Stability Evaluation of VSW1198

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

S9 fraction stability experiments were conducted utilizing a solution containing Tris buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4), mouseS9 fraction (1 mg/mL), magnesium chloride (20 mM), NADPH (2 mM), uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (2mM), Adenosine 3′-Phosphate 5′-Phosphosulfate (PAPS, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (0.1 mM), and saccharolactone (Sigma-Aldrich, MO) (5 mM). The final volume of 1.0 mL was pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a water bath maintaining 60 rpm. The reaction was started by adding 2 μM final concentration of VSW1198 (2 μL from 1 mM stock). Samples (100 μL) were collected at different time intervals (0, 5, 15, 30, 45–60 and 120 min) and quenched with 100 μL of methanol. A control experiment was conducted without NADPH to reveal any chemical instability or non-cofactor dependent enzymatic degradation. All the samples were processed as our plasma sample processing method and supernatant (10 μL) was injected for LC-MS/MS analysis. A compound with known metabolism was used as a positive control. The in vitro metabolic elimination rate constant was determined from the first order plot of natural logarithm of area ratio versus time.

Haney S.L., Chhonker Y.S., Varney M.L., Talmon G., Murry D.J, & Holstein S.A. (2018). Preclinical Investigation of a Potent Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Inhibitor. Investigational new drugs, 36(5), 810-818.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Evaluation of Hepatic Metabolism of Bisphenol Analogues

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Human liver microsomes (HLMs, mixed gender, n=50) were acquired from Tebu-Bio (Boechout, BE).
Human liver cytosol (HLCYT, mixed gender, n=150), theophylline (anhydrous, > 99 %), 2,5uridinediphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), adenosine-3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS, > 60 %) lithium salt hydrate, alamethicin (neat, > 98 %), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and BADGE (analytical standard) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, US). BFDGE (90%, racemic mixture of diastereomers) was acquired from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Canada). NADPH tetrasodium salt hydrate (> 96 %) was purchased from Acros (Geel, BE). Acetonitrile (ACN, HPLC-grade) and methanol (MeOH, ≥ 99.9 % LC-MS grade) were acquired from Fisher Chemical (Loughborough, GB), formic acid (> 98 %) and hydrochloric acid (37%) from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, DE). A 100 mM TRIS-buffer was prepared by dissolving 12.11 g Trizma base (Janssen Chimica, Beerse, BE) and 1.02 g MgCl2 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, DE) in 1 L ultrapure water. The pH was adjusted to 7.4 by adding 1 M HCl solution. Ultra-pure water was produced in-house with a PURELAB-purifier system of Elga Labwater (Tienen, BE).

Vervliet P., de Nys S., Duca R.C., Boonen I., Godderis L., Elskens M., van Landuyt K.L, & Covaci A. (2020). Human phase I in vitro liver metabolism of two bisphenolic diglycidyl ethers BADGE and BFDGE. Toxicology letters, 332.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantification of Ethylphenidate Metabolism

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Ethylphenidate was obtained from LGC Standards (Molsheim, France) as neat powder (purity>99%) and it was dissolved in methanol (purity ≥ 99.9%) purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The internal standard, theophylline, was obtained as powder (anhydrous, purity>99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). Pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs, mix gender, n=200) were purchased from Tebu-Bio (Boechout, Belgium). Pooled human liver cytosol (HLCYT, mix gender, n=50), chemical standards for 2,6-uridinediphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), alamethicin (neat, purity>99%), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS; neat, purity>60%) lithium salt hydrate, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-nitrophenolglucuronide (4-NP-Gluc; neat, purity>99%), 4-nitrophenolsulfate (4-NP-Sulf; neat, purity>99%) and NADPH (neat, purity>99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Baculovirus-insect cell microsomes containing expressed human recombinant CYP enzyme (rCYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 or 3A4) co-expressed with human CYP oxidoreductase and human cytochrome b5 were purchased from BD Biosciences (Erembodegem, Belgium) and Tebu-Bio. Ultrapure water was prepared using a Purelab flex water system by Elga (Tienen, Belgium). Acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Merck. All organic solvents were HPLC grade.

Negreira N., Erratico C., van Nuijs A.L, & Covaci A. (2016). Identification of in vitro metabolites of ethylphenidate by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 117.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!