Zetamaster

Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) was used to measure mean particle size and the zeta potential of the lipid dispersions. A Zetamaster (Malvern Instrument Ltd.), equipped with a solid state laser having a nominal power of 4.5 mW with a maximum output of 5 mW 670 nm and a 90°scattering angle at 20 ± 0.20 °C, was employed. Samples (10 µL of the suspension) were diluted with 2 mL of deionized water previously filtered through a 0.2-µm Acrodisc LC 13 PVDF filter (Pall-Gelman Laboratory). During the experiment, the refractive index of the samples always matched the liquid (toluene) to avoid stray light. The electrophoretic mobility was calculated using Smoluchowskiʼs equation (Eq. 1) to determine the zeta (ξ) potential value.
where v is the measured electrophoretic velocity, η is the viscosity, ε is the electrical permittivity of the electrolytic solution, and E is the electric field. The accuracy was 0.12 µm cm/V s for the aqueous systems. Samples were suspended in distilled water and the measures were recorded at 25 °C.

Mean particle size of the lipid dispersions was measured by PCS. A Zetamaster (Malvern Instrument Ltd.), equipped with a solid-state laser having a nominal power of 4.5 mW with a maximum output of 5 mW 670 nm, was employed. Analyses were performed using a 90°scattering angle at 20 ± 0.2 °C. Samples were prepared by diluting 100 µL of SLN suspension, previously filtered through a 0.45-µm Acrodisc LC 13 PVDF filter (Pall-Gelman Laboratory), with 900 µL of deionized water. During the experiment, the refractive index of the samples always matched the liquid (toluene) to avoid stray light. The zeta (ξ) potential was automatically calculated from electrophoretic mobility based on the Smoluchowski equation (Equation 1):
where v is the measured electrophoretic velocity, η is the viscosity, ε is the electrical permittivity of the electrolytic solution, and E is the electric field. The accuracy was 0.12 µm cm/V s for aqueous systems. Samples were suspended in distilled water and the measurements were recorded at 25 °C.

Mean particle size of the lipid dispersions was measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). A Zetamaster (Malvern Instrument Ltd., Sparing Lane South, Worcs, England), equipped with a solid-state laser having a nominal power of 4.5 mW with a maximum output of 5 mWat 670 nm, was employed.
Analyses were performed using a 90° scattering angle at 20 ± 0.2 °C. Samples were prepared by diluting 10 L of A-E suspensions with 2 mL of deionized water previously filtered through a 0.2 m Acrodisc LC 13 PVDF filter (Pall-Gelman Laboratory, Ann Harbor, Michigan). During the experiment, the refractive index of the samples always matched the liquid (toluene) to avoid stray light. The Zeta (ξ) potential was automatically calculated from the electrophoretic mobility based on Smoluchowski's equation (Eq. 1):
where  is the measured electrophoretic velocity, η is the viscosity, ε is the electrical permittivity of the electrolytic solution, and E is the electric field. The accuracy was 0.12 μm cm/V s for the aqueous systems.
The samples were suspended in distilled water and the measurements were recorded at 25 °C.