Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) or Synperonic® L 121 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (PL121), glycidyl methacrylate (Sigma-Aldrich) (GMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (EGDMA), calcium chloride dihydrate (Honeywell Fluka, Charlotte, NC, USA) (CaCl2 · 2H2O), ethanol (Kefo, Ljubljana, Slovenia) (EtOH), methanol (Carlo Erba Reagents, Barcelona, Spain) MeOH, 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (90%, Sigma-Aldrich) (VBC), N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine (Merck KGaA) (PMDETA), copper (II) chloride dihydrate (Merck KGaA) (CuCl2 · 2H2O), L(+)-Ascorbic Acid (Merck KGaA), Copper (I) chloride (Honeywell Fluka) CuCl, phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl)phosphine oxide (BASF Schweiz AG, Kaisten, Switzerland) (IC819), acetone (Honeywell Fluka), sodium (meta)periodate (Sigma-Aldrich) NaIO4, sulfuric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) H2SO4, sodium hydroxide (Honeywell Fluka) NaOH, 37% hydrochloric acid (Honeywell Fluka) HCl, silver nitrate (Honeywell Fluka) AgNO3, 25% ammonia solution (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) NH3, 4-nitrophenol (Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) (4-NP), sodium borohydride (Nokia Chemicals) NaBH4, and Hydrogen peroxide (Carlo Erba Reagents) H2O2. All chemicals were analytical grade if not specified otherwise and used as received. Deionized water was filtered through a 0.22 µm filter before use.
Ammonia solution
Manufactured by Carl Roth
Sourced in Germany
Ammonia solution is an aqueous solution of ammonia. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. The solution is used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Sodium metaperiodate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
4 vinylbenzyl chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 nitrophenol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Copper 2 chloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycidyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Charybdotoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nω nitro l arginine l nna, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroquinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hoe 140, by Bachem (1 mentions)
Nahco3, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
10 protocols using ammonia solution
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Hydrogel
2
Pharmacological Modulators of Kinin Receptors
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The chemicals used in the present study along with the suppliers are Bk acetate salt, lys-(des-arg9)-BK trifluoroacetate salt (B1 receptor agonist), lys-(des-arg9,leu8)-BK (B1 receptor antagonist) and iberiotoxin from Bachem (Heidelberg, Germany), Hoe 140 (Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-Tic-Oic-Arg, B2 receptor antagonist), charybdotoxin (ChTx), Nω–nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA), trisodium citrate dihydrate, hydroquinone, and carbolithium from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany); sarafotoxin 6c, U46619 (9,11-Dideoxy-9a,11a-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2a) and ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) from Enzo Life Science (Lausanne, Switzerland); 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) sodium salt from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany); apamin from RBI (Köln, Germany); NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, NaHCO3, glucose, and 25% ammonia solution from ROTH (Karlsruhe, Germany); NaH2PO4, CaCl2, silver nitrate, formaldehyde and acetone from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); buprenorphine hydrochloride (Temgesic™; Essex Pharma, Munich, Germany); isoflurane (Forene™, AbbVie, Ludwigshafen, Germany).
3
Fabrication of Cellulose-Based Conductive Textiles
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A plain-woven 100% cellulose lyocell (CLY) fabric with a weight of 143 g/m2, linear density (λm) of 1.3 dtex, 0.24 mm thickness and thread count of 4000/m in warp and 3200 in weft direction was used as textile substrate material, which was provided by Lenzing AG (Lenzing, Austria). Copper foil of 0.1 mm thickness was supplied by EMSURE (Darmstadt, Germany). The aluminum foil was supplied by RS components (Gmuend, Austria).
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2 2H2O) and formaldehyde (CH2O, 36.5 wt.%) were supplied by Riedel-de-Haen (Seelze, Germany). Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 5H2O, 99.5%), embittered ethanol (C2H6O, >98%; MEK, 1%) and ammonia solution (NH3, 25 wt.%) were obtained from Carl ROTH GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, 99 wt.%) was supplied by MERCK (Darmstadt, Germany). Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.0 wt.%) was obtained from VWR PROLABOR (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 wt.% solution) was obtained from Deuring GmbH & Co. KG (Hörbranz, Austria). Potassium hydrogen-L-tartrate (C4H5KO6, 99 wt.%) was supplied by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). All chemicals were used without any further purification.
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2 2H2O) and formaldehyde (CH2O, 36.5 wt.%) were supplied by Riedel-de-Haen (Seelze, Germany). Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 5H2O, 99.5%), embittered ethanol (C2H6O, >98%; MEK, 1%) and ammonia solution (NH3, 25 wt.%) were obtained from Carl ROTH GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, 99 wt.%) was supplied by MERCK (Darmstadt, Germany). Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.0 wt.%) was obtained from VWR PROLABOR (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 wt.% solution) was obtained from Deuring GmbH & Co. KG (Hörbranz, Austria). Potassium hydrogen-L-tartrate (C4H5KO6, 99 wt.%) was supplied by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). All chemicals were used without any further purification.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of PEI-Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
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The following chemicals were used: Branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI; M = 25 kDa; Sigma-Aldrich, USA), poly(ethylenimine)-Cy5 (PEI-Cy5; M = 25 kDa; Surflay, Germany), calcium lactate (p.a.; Merck), diammonium hydrogenphosphate (p.a.; Merck), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS; 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), and ammonia solution (30–33%, Carl Roth). Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4·2 H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with a molar ratio of 85:15 lactide to glycolide was obtained from Green Square Materials Inc. (Taiwan). Calcium carbonate was obtained from Scharlau Chemie (Spain). Dichloromethane was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, USA). Ultrapure water (Purelab ultra instrument from ELGA) was used for all preparations unless otherwise noted. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
For transfection experiments, the plasmid pcDNA3-eGFP (Mw = 4,056,360 g mol−1) that encodes for eGFP was prepared from Escherichia coli with a Nucleobond endotoxin-free plasmid DNA kit (Macherey-Nagel, Dueren, Germany).
For transfection experiments, the plasmid pcDNA3-eGFP (Mw = 4,056,360 g mol−1) that encodes for eGFP was prepared from Escherichia coli with a Nucleobond endotoxin-free plasmid DNA kit (Macherey-Nagel, Dueren, Germany).
5
Quantitative Trace Analysis of Arsenic Species
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Nitric acid (HNO3, 65%), hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2, ≥ 30%
for trace analysis), and ammonia solution (≥25% p.a.) were
purchased from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG and used as-received, except
for the Nitric acid, which was sub boiled prior to use. Phosphoric
acid (≥85% for trace analysis), pyridine (≥99.9% p.a.)
and formic acid (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
used as-received. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was produced
by a Merck Millipore Milli-Q water purification system. Arsenic, germanium,
and indium single element ICPMS standards (1000 mg L–1), dibasic sodium arsenate heptahydrate (AsV), nitrocellulose
membrane filters (1.2 μm pore size, 47 mm in diameter), and
polystyrene Petrislides were purchased from Merck KGaA and used as-received.
Sodium dimethylarsinate (DMA) was purchased from Fluka. Trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO) was synthesized in-house according to Merijanian and
Zingaro,19 (link) as well as methylarsonic acid
(MA) according to the Meyer reaction.20 (link) Cellstar tubes (polypropylene, 15 and 50 mL) were purchased from
Greiner Bio-One International GmbH. Polycarbonate foils (25 mm in
diameter) were purchased from Whatman Nuclepore. DS-515 collection
substrate spray was bought from Dekati, Ltd.
peroxide (H2O2, ≥ 30%
for trace analysis), and ammonia solution (≥25% p.a.) were
purchased from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG and used as-received, except
for the Nitric acid, which was sub boiled prior to use. Phosphoric
acid (≥85% for trace analysis), pyridine (≥99.9% p.a.)
and formic acid (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
used as-received. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was produced
by a Merck Millipore Milli-Q water purification system. Arsenic, germanium,
and indium single element ICPMS standards (1000 mg L–1), dibasic sodium arsenate heptahydrate (AsV), nitrocellulose
membrane filters (1.2 μm pore size, 47 mm in diameter), and
polystyrene Petrislides were purchased from Merck KGaA and used as-received.
Sodium dimethylarsinate (DMA) was purchased from Fluka. Trimethylarsine
oxide (TMAO) was synthesized in-house according to Merijanian and
Zingaro,19 (link) as well as methylarsonic acid
(MA) according to the Meyer reaction.20 (link) Cellstar tubes (polypropylene, 15 and 50 mL) were purchased from
Greiner Bio-One International GmbH. Polycarbonate foils (25 mm in
diameter) were purchased from Whatman Nuclepore. DS-515 collection
substrate spray was bought from Dekati, Ltd.
6
Cleaning, Functionalizing, and Synthesizing Protocols
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The chemicals used for cleaning of glass wear were Ammonia solution (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany, 28.0 -30.0 %) and hydrogen peroxide solution (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥ 30 %) as RCA solution with ultrapure water (Purelab Chorus 1, Elga LabWater, Celle, Germany, 18.2 MΩ cm) with a ratio of 1:1:5. For the functionalisation process toluene (Fisher Chemicals, Hampton, NH, USA, 99.99 %), ethanol (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany, ≥ 99.9 %), HEPES buffer (Pan-Reac AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany, 99.5 %, 10 mM, pH = 7, 50 mM NaCl) silane-PEG-mal (NANOCS, Boston, MA, USA, M w = 5 kDa, l cont = 41 nm) and HEPES-buffer (10 mM HEPES, NaCl 50 mM; pH 7) were used. For the synthesis of PNiPAM all solvents and reagents were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA), Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA), ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany) and used as received unless otherwise stated. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N-isopropylacrylamid (NiPAM) was recrystallized out of toluene and n-hexane (1:1) and dried in vacuum. Cu (I) Br was washed five times with glacial acetic acid and ethanol. Tris [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me 6 TREN), N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), 2 bromo-iso-butyric tert-butylester (tBbiB) were stored under argon atmosphere.
7
Fluorescent Labeling of Annexin A5
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Iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), hydroxylammonium chloride, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and Eppendorf ultrafiltration tubes with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 3 kDa were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), dialysis tubes (Spectrapor 6, MWCO 8 kDa), ammonium chloride, formic acid, hydrochloric acid 25%, and ammonia solution 25% were supplied by Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Propidium iodide (PI), sodium citrate, triton X-100, ammonium formate, lauric acid, and acetone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sulfosalycylic acid solution 20% was bought from Applichem (Darmstadt, Germany). Mitoxantrone (MTO) solution (2 mg/mL) was purchased from TEVA Pharma (Ulm, Germany). Ringer’s solution was bought from Baxter Healthcare (Zurich, Switzerland). Falcon ultrafiltration tubes (MWCO 100 kDa) were purchased from Sartorius (Goettingen, Germany). Recombinant chicken Annexin A5 (AxA5; responsif GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (AxA5-FITC) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Sigma-Aldrich). Hoechst 33342 (Hoe) and DiIC1(5) (hexamethylindodicarbocyanine iodide dye [DiI]) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
8
Arsenic Speciation Analysis Protocol
9
Synthesis of Copper-Doped Diopside Powder
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The first step towards forming a printable slurry is the synthesis of ceramic powder. Here, copper doped diopside powder with a stoichiometry of CaMg0.99Cu0.01Si2O6 was synthesized by a co-precipitation method.
Briefly, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O, >98%, Carl-Roth), calcium chloride (CaCl2, >98%, Carl-Roth), and copper chloride (CuCl2, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were added to ethanol. After complete dissolution, tetraethyl orthosilicate ((C2H5O)4Si, TEOS, VWR Chemicals) was added in a molar ratio of 1 : 0.99 : 0.01 : 2 (Ca : Mg : Cu : Si) and stirred for 2 h. For precipitation, 25% ammonia solution (Carl-Roth) was added and stirred overnight. The co-precipitated product was then centrifuged and washed before being dried overnight at 80°C and calcined in air for 2 h. Finally, the synthesized Cu-DIO powder was collected and sieved to a particle size smaller than 125 μm for subsequent use.
Briefly, magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O, >98%, Carl-Roth), calcium chloride (CaCl2, >98%, Carl-Roth), and copper chloride (CuCl2, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were added to ethanol. After complete dissolution, tetraethyl orthosilicate ((C2H5O)4Si, TEOS, VWR Chemicals) was added in a molar ratio of 1 : 0.99 : 0.01 : 2 (Ca : Mg : Cu : Si) and stirred for 2 h. For precipitation, 25% ammonia solution (Carl-Roth) was added and stirred overnight. The co-precipitated product was then centrifuged and washed before being dried overnight at 80°C and calcined in air for 2 h. Finally, the synthesized Cu-DIO powder was collected and sieved to a particle size smaller than 125 μm for subsequent use.
10
Preparation of N-Acetylated Chitosans
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Chemically N-acetylated chitosans were prepared using acetic anhydride (Roth, Germany)74 (link). Briefly, chitosan (DP 1300, Đ 1.8, FA 0.03; prepared from shrimp shell α-chitin by four sequential heterogeneous de-N-acetylation steps using hot alkali by Mahtani Chitosan, Veraval, India95 (link) was solubilised in water by adding 5% stoichiometric excess of acetic acid and stirred until completely dissolved. One volume of 1,2-propanediol (Roth, Germany) was added to the chitosan solution to reduce the isoelectric constant of the medium and to help chitosan chains to adopt an open conformation. acetic anhydride was then added in the required molar amount to reach the target FA. After 24 h at RT, chitosan was precipitated with an ammonia solution (23% w/v (Roth, Germany)). The polymer precipitate was washed to neutrality and freeze-dried for subsequent use.
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