Male C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were purchased from The Orient Bio (Sungnam, Korea). All animal care procedures and experiments were conducted according to the guidelines stated in the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Resolution on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. The Internal Review Board approved the study for Animal Experiments at the Asan Institute for Life Science (University of Ulsan, College of Medicine). Mice were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of Zoletil (40 mg·kg−1 zolazepam and tiletamine) purchased from Virbac (Carros Cedex, France) and Rompun (5 mg·kg−1 xylazine) purchased from Bayer Healthcare (Leverkusen, Germany), and their pupils were dilated using Mydrin‐P (0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine) acquired from Santen (Osaka, Japan). A 532‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet PASCAL diode ophthalmic laser system (Topcon Medical Laser Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for laser photocoagulation (200 µm spot size, 0.02 s duration, 100 mW), wherein five or six laser spots were applied around the optic nerve of only the right eye. Gaseous bubble formation at the laser spot indicated the rupture of Bruch’s membrane.
Mydrin p
Manufactured by Santen
Sourced in Japan, Germany
Mydrin-P is a laboratory product used for ophthalmic purposes. It functions as a mydriatic agent, intended to dilate the pupil.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Alcaine, by Alcon (10 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (9 mentions)
Zoletil, by Virbac (7 mentions)
Cyclopentolate, by Alcon (6 mentions)
Iol master, by Zeiss (5 mentions)
Cravit, by Santen (4 mentions)
Benoxil, by Santen (4 mentions)
Lenstar ls 900, by Haag-Streit (4 mentions)
Ff450, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Nevanac, by Alcon (3 mentions)
Fhd100ecw, by Panasonic (3 mentions)
Tobradex, by Alcon (3 mentions)
Iolmaster v 5, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Kr 8000, by Topcon (2 mentions)
Vigamox, by Alcon (2 mentions)
Flumetholon, by Santen (2 mentions)
Insight animal oct segmentation software, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (2 mentions)
Discovisc ophthalmic viscosurgical device, by Alcon (2 mentions)
Infiniti vision system, by Alcon (2 mentions)
Eos rebel t4i, by Canon (2 mentions)
117 protocols using mydrin p
1
Mouse Model of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization
2
Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization
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After anesthetizing the animals via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a mixture of 40 mg/kg zolazepam/tiletamine (Zoletil; Virbac) and 5 mg/kg xylazine (Rompun; Bayer Healthcare), the pupils were dilated with 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine (Mydrin-P; Santen). Laser photocoagulation (200 μm spot size, 0.02 s duration, 100 mW) was performed using a PASCAL diode ophthalmic laser system (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet [Nd:YAG], 532 nm; Topcon Medical Laser Systems). Only the right eye of each mouse was exposed to laser photocoagulation to induce CNV. Five to six laser spots were applied around the optic nerve head of said eye. A gaseous bubble formed at each laser spot, indicating the rupture of Bruch’s membrane.
3
Comprehensive Ocular Examination of RPGR Variants
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Probands and available family members with variants in RPGR were recruited for further comprehensive ocular examinations. All of the examinations were performed by the same experienced team of ophthalmologists. A detailed family and ophthalmic history were obtained. The comprehensive ocular examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error (RE), and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
Refractive error was measured using an autorefractometer (Topcon KR-8000, Paramus, NJ, United States) after mydriasis with tropicamide (Mydrin-P, Santen Pharmaceutical, Japan). An optical biometer (IOL master V5.0, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) was used to detect the ocular biometric axial length. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) responses were recorded in patients in accordance with the standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision for evaluating retinal disorders, using an Espion ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, United States). Optical coherence tomography of the macular and optic disks was performed via SD-OCT (Optovue, Inc., United States).
Refractive error was measured using an autorefractometer (Topcon KR-8000, Paramus, NJ, United States) after mydriasis with tropicamide (Mydrin-P, Santen Pharmaceutical, Japan). An optical biometer (IOL master V5.0, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) was used to detect the ocular biometric axial length. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) responses were recorded in patients in accordance with the standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision for evaluating retinal disorders, using an Espion ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, United States). Optical coherence tomography of the macular and optic disks was performed via SD-OCT (Optovue, Inc., United States).
4
Evaluating Diabetic Retinopathy with ERG
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Ten weeks post-STZ injection, all the rats underwent 6 h of dark adaptation. ERG evaluations were then conducted after pupil dilation using topical 0.01% tropicamide and phenylephrine (Mydrin-P, Santen, Osaka, Japan). Flash and flicker stimuli (8.0 cd·s/m2 at 2 Hz and 28.3 Hz, respectively) were utilized with the RETevet ERG system (LKC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). The examination aimed to identify the presence of DR. Subsequent ERG assessments were performed fourteen weeks post-STZ injection to evaluate retinal function using the same protocol.
5
Intravitreal Injection Technique in Mice
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Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (CLEA Japan, Tokyo, Japan) were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of combined anesthetics {midazolam 4 mg/kg BW (Sandoz Japan, Tokyo, Japan), medetomidine 0.75 mg/kg BW (Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Fukushima, Japan), butorphanol tartrate 5 mg/kg BW (Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)]; their pupils were dilated using a single drop of a mixture of tropicamide and phenylephrine (0.5% each; Mydrin-P®; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka Japan) and received 2-μL intravitreal injections of either KCL dissolved in PBS (50 mM) or just PBS as vehicle via an UltraMicroPump (type UMP2) equipped with a MicroSyringe Pump Controller (World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL) [31 ]. Twelve animals were used in each group.
6
Volumetric OCT Imaging of the Optic Nerve Head
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A raster scanning protocol with 300 B-scans with 300 A-scans (with 2048 pixels/A-Scan) covering a 3.0×3.0 mm square region centered at the ONH was used for volumetric scans. Volumetric rendering of the 3D-OCT data set was performed and longitudinal and en-face cross-sections were constructed using image processing software (Amira 5.4.3, Mercury Computer Systems Inc., Chelmsford, MA). A fundus image was generated as an en-face projection image from the 3D data set by integrating the magnitudes of the OCT signals at each lateral position along the axial direction. The total data acquisition time for a single 3D-OCT (volumetric) image was 3.0 seconds. OCT images were acquired after pupil dilation with tropicamide (Mydrin P; Santen, Osaka, Japan). The optic disc was also imaged by a digital 30-degree fundus camera (Zeiss FF450, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) immediately before OCT data acquisition.
Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the creation of the image of the optic disc obtained with the OCT instrument. Fig. 2B and 2C are 3D volume rendering images of the ONH.
7
Standardized Ocular Examination in Macaques
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After anesthetization as described above, all subjects underwent a standardized ocular examination including IOP measurements, slit-lamp, fundus photos, SD-OCT. Macaques were situated in a headrest position, and pupils were dilated with 1 drop of 0.5% tropicamide phenylephrine hydrochloride (Mydrin-P, Santen, Osaka, Japan) until the pupil diameter reached ≥6 mm, and a self-retaining eyelid speculum was placed to enable the examination. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy (TOPCON Slit-lamp SL-D701) was performed by experienced ophthalmologists to evaluate the overall structures of the anterior segment, including the eyelids, cornea, anterior chamber, lens, iris, and related structures. Fundus photos were obtained using the fundus scope (APS-BER Fundus Camera & FFA model, city country) and adjusted to ensure the macula and optic disc were focused clearly. Both macula-centered and optic disc-centered image patterns were acquired.
8
Intravital Retinal Imaging Protocol
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After anesthesia, the pupils were dilated with Mydrin-P (0.5 percent tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride; Santen Pharmaceuticals, Osaka, Japan) for intravital retinal imaging. A Hycell physiological solution (2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; Samil Pharmaceuticals, Korea) was applied to the cornea, and refraction was equalized using a microscope coverslip. Fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging (OCT; IIS Science) were used to observe clinical signs of degeneration of the retina (6 (link)).
9
Implantation of Implantable Collamer Lens
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All procedures were performed through a superior 3.0-mm corneal incision after instillation of 0.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide (Mydrin-P, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) under topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine (Alcaine, Alcon). Further, 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon, Johnson & Johnson Vision) was injected into the anterior chamber, and the ICL was inserted through an injector cartridge. After positioning the ICL, the sodium hyaluronate was completely removed by manual irrigation and aspiration. The V4c ICL model (Staar Surgical) was used in all cases. ICL powers were calculated using a modified vertex formula provided by the manufacturer. Patients were instructed to use 0.5% moxifloxacin (Vigamox, Alcon) and 1% prednisolone (Pred Forte, Allergan, Inc.) four times a day for a week.
10
Intravitreal Injection of TSA-Loaded Liposomes
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After general anesthesia, the eyes were dilated with one drop of a combination of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine (Mydrin-P®; Santen, Osaka, Japan). Next, 0.5 μL of TSA-loaded liposomes was injected into the vitreous cavity using a Hamilton syringe (Hamilton Company, Reno, NV, USA) immediately after the ONC procedure. The control group mice received intravitreal injections of 0.5 μL of vehicle solution at the same time points.
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