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15 protocols using ab24586

1

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Brain Endothelial Cells

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Unconditioned medium or sickle or control MCCM-treated mBECs cultured in eight well chamber slides (ibidi USA, Madison, WI, USA) were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.05% Triton X-100, for 10 min, washed with PBS containing 0.01% Tween-20 (PBS-Tw) and blocked by incubation in 3% normal donkey serum/PBS-Tw. The mBECs were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with primary antibodies diluted in 3% normal donkey serum/PBS-Tw. The following antibodies were used: ER-specific rabbit anti-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase antibody (GalT, 1:100; ab178406, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), Golgi-specific rabbit anti-Giantin antibody (1:100; ab24586; RRID:AB_448163, Abcam), goat anti-P-selectin (1:100; AF737; RRID:AB_2285644, R&D, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Slides were washed and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with species-specific donkey secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy2 and Cy3 (1:200; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA) diluted in 3% normal donkey serum/PBS-Tw to visualize the immunoreactive proteins. Samples were mounted with Vectashield (H-1000, Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, USA) and fluorescence images were captured using Olympus IX 70 inverted microscope (Olympus Corporation, Center Valley, PA, USA).
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2

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Virus Infection

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Virus at an MOI of 20 PFU/cell was allowed to adsorb to HeLa CCL2 cells cultivated on untreated glass coverslips and MDCK cells cultivated on poly-l-lysine (Sigma)-treated glass coverslips in 24-well plates. Following incubation at 37°C for 12 or 24 h, cells were fixed with ice-cold methanol (−20°C), permeabilized with 1% Triton X-100, and stained with σNS-specific antibody (25 (link)) and ERGIC-53-specific antibody H-245 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or KDEL receptor-specific antibody FL-212 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for ERGIC staining, anti-giantin antibody ab24586 (Abcam) or WGA conjugated with Alexa Fluor 555 (Invitrogen) to mark the Golgi compartment, PDI-specific antibody DL-11 (Sigma) to mark the ER, or K2 antibody (40 (link)) to mark dsRNA. ToPro3 or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Invitrogen) was used to stain nuclei. Alexa Fluor-conjugated antibodies (Invitrogen) were used as secondary antibodies. Images were acquired with Zeiss LSM 510 Meta and 710 Meta inverted confocal microscopes.
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3

Comprehensive Antibody Validation for LPAAT Assays

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All of the individually sourced antibodies for western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence and the LPAAT assay were obtained and used as detailed in ref. 15 (link), unless otherwise stated. The rabbit polyclonal anti-LPAATδ (ab188002, 1:1,000) and anti-giantin (ab24586, 1:5,000) antibodies (for WB use) were from Abcam; the mouse polyclonal anti-LPAATδ antibody (for microinjection and LPAAT assay use) was from Abnova (H00056895-B01P); the rabbit polyclonal anti-LPAATδ antibody (1:50 for IF use) was from Sigma-Aldrich (SAB4502436), the anti-GM130 monoclonal antibody (1:200 for IF use) was from BD Transduction Laboratories (610823) and the rabbit polyclonal anti-Calnexin antibody (1:500 for WB use) was from Santa Cruz (AF18 sc23954). The anti-LPAATδ polyclonal antibodies from Abcam and Abnova recognize specifically LPAATδ and not other LPAATs by WB analysis (our unpublished data). Commercially available antibodies used: anti-TGN46 1:400 for IF use (Biorad, AHP500GT); anti-Giantin 1:500 for IF use (Alexis Corporation, 804-600-C100); anti-Flag 1:5,000 for WB and 1:500 for IF use (Sigma, F1804); anti-GAPDH 1:50,000 for WB use (ABD Serotec, MCA4740); anti-penta-His 1:1,000 for WB use (Life Technologies, P21315); anti-LPAATγ 1:1,000 for WB use (Abcam, ab93181). Source images from relevant WB are available in the Supplementary Figs 11–13.
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4

Molecular Probes for Organelle Dynamics

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Reagents and antibodies were purchased from the following suppliers: anti-Giantin (Abcam; ab24586, 1:1000), anti-BiP for immunofluorescence (Abcam ab21685, 1:500), anti-BiP for Western blot (Cell signaling, 3183S, 1:1000), anti-KDEL (Abcam ab176333, 1:1000), anti-GFP (Santa Cruz sc-9996, 1:1000), anti-HA (Cell signaling 3724, 1:1000), anti-GAPDH (Cell signaling 2118, 1:2000), TMP (Sigma), CHX (Sigma), doxycycline (Sigma), fibronectin (EMD Millipore), Hoechst (Thermo Fisher Scientific; 10 mg/ml in H2O, 1:2000) D/D solubilizer (Clonetech), BafA1 (Alfa Aesar), epoxomicin (EMD Millipore), SNAP-tag ligands (SNAP Cell TMR Star and Oregon Green [New England Biolabs]), HT TMR ligand (Promega), and DSP Crosslinker (Thermo Fisher Scientific). HyT36 and HyT36(-Cl) were previously described (Tae et al., 2012 (link); Serebrenik et al., 2018 (link)).
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5

Plasmid Constructs and Antibodies

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PEGFP, pEGFP-RILP, pEGFP-RILPC33, pCDNA3_2XHA, pCDNA3_2XHARILP and pCDNA3_2XHA-RILP-C33 have been described previously.20-22 (link) Rabbit polyclonal anti-HA (1:500, ab9110) and antigiantin (1:1000, ab24586) were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Mouse monoclonal antitubulin (1:500 for immunofluorescence analyses, 1:10000 for immunoblot analyses, T5168) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Rabbit anti-RILP polyclonal antibody (1:100) has been described previously.1 (link) Secondary antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes (1:200) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 1:5000) were from Invitrogen (Carslbad, CA, USA) or GE Healthcare (Barrington, IL, USA).
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6

Antibody Sources for Nuclear Proteins

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Rabbit antibodies against Impα2 (RCH1) and Impβ were gifts from D. Görlich (Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany), and rabbit antibodies against the N-terminal domain of LBR were provided by R.W. Wozniak (University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Commercial antibodies were mAB414 (mouse; BabCo), anti-Nup153 (ab24700, mouse; Abcam), anti-actin (mouse; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-HA (MMS-101P, mouse; Covance), and anti-Giantin (ab24586, rabbit; Abcam). Peptide-specific rabbit antibodies to Nup98 (peptide: CNRDSENLASPSEYPENGER), Nup96 (CSLHHPPDRTSDSTPDPQRV), Nup205 (TPSLSETVNRDGPRQDTQAC), and NDC1 (CQASAEHQKRLQQFLEFKE) have been described previously (Mansfeld et al., 2006 (link); Laurell et al., 2011 (link)).
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7

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of Host-Pathogen Interactions

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Cells on coverslips were fixed for 15 min with 4% formaldehyde, residual formaldehyde was quenched with 0.1 M glycine, and cells were permeabilized for 10 min at room temperature with 0.1% Triton X-100 or for 5 min at 4°C with 55 µg/ml digitonin. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) washes were carried out after each of these steps. After blocking in 5% fetal bovine serum, cells were sequentially incubated with primary and secondary antibodies diluted in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Coverslips were mounted in ProLong Gold antifade reagent (Invitrogen) and analyzed using an Axio Observer.Z1 microscope (Carl Zeiss). Images were acquired and deconvoluted using AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss). The following primary antibodies were used at the indicated dilution: mouse anti-HA tag (Covance MMS-101P; 1/500), mouse anti-Myc tag (Millipore 05-724; 1/500), rabbit anti-L. pneumophila (Affinity BioReagents PA1-7227; 1/800), rabbit anticalnexin (Stressgen SPA-860F; 1/100), and rabbit antigiantin (Abcam ab24586; 1/500). Secondary antibodies were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch (1/200). Cellular and bacterial DNA was counterstained with Hoechst 33342.
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8

Embryonic Tissue Preparation and Staining

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Embryos were harvested at desired developmental stages (E13.5 to E18.5, noon of vaginal plug date was counted as day E0.5), fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS overnight at 4°C, dehydrated through graded alcohols, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 7μm thickness, and stained with alcian blue (A), hematoxylin (H) and eosin (E) for histology analysis. At least four pairs of control and mutant embryos were analyzed for each developmental stage.
Whole mount and section in situ hybridization assays were performed using established protocols (Lan and Jiang 2009 (link); Lan et al. 2001 (link); Liu et al. 2013 (link); Zhang et al. 1999 (link)).
Immunofluorescent staining was performed using paraffin or frozen sections following standard protocols (Lan et al. 2016 (link); Xu et al. 2016 (link); Zhou et al. 2011 (link)). Antibodies used include rabbit anti-Giantin (GOLGB1, Abcam ab24586; 1:300), mouse anti-GM130 (BD610823; 1:500), rabbit anti-GOLGA5 (Sigma-Aldrich HPA000992; 1:300).
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9

Immunofluorescence Staining of Inflammasome Proteins

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After treatments, cells plated on coverslips (9–15 mm) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature. Cells were permeabilized for 10 min using 0.25% Triton X-100 in PBS. After blocking with 10% normal goat serum for 1 h, cells were incubated with anti-ASC antibody (1:100 dilution; sc-22514; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-NLRP3 antibody (1:100 dilution; G-20B-0014-C100; AdipoGen; previously approved for immunostaining; Man et al., 2014 (link)), anti–phospho-NLRP3 (Ser295) antibody (generated as described in the methodology section Immunoprecipitaion and immunoblotting above; 1:50), anti-giantin antibody (1:300 dilution; ALX-804-600-C100; Enzo Life Science), anti-giantin antibody (1:300 dilution; AB24586; Abcam), anti-GM130 antibody (1:300 dilution; 11308-AP; Proteintech), and anti-Tom20 antibody (1:500 dilution; sc-11415; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 1 h at room temperature. After incubation with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, cells were stained with DAPI and mounted. Images were acquired using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope TCS SP8 (Leica).
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10

Immunostaining of Human Pancreatic Islets

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Human pancreas sections were deparaffinized, followed by acidic-pH heat–mediated antigen retrieval. Cultures of single pancreatic islet cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Samples were blocked and permeabilized in PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100 and 10% goat or donkey serum. Primary antibodies CHOP (1:100; sc-575, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GAD6 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against C-terminus of GAD65 (31 (link)) (1:1,000); N-GAD65 mouse mAb against the N-terminus of GAD65 (32 (link)) (1:300), giantin (1:1,000; ab24586, Abcam); insulin (1:10,000; 4011-01, Linco); insulin (1:2,000; ab14042, Abcam), and CD3 (1:30; M7254, Dako) were incubated overnight at 4°C in PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100 and 1% goat or donkey serum. Alexa Fluor conjugated secondary antibodies (Molecular Probes) were incubated at 1:200 dilution in PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 30 min at room temperature.
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