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7 protocols using anti cd42b

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cerebral Thrombi

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Thrombi were gently removed from the carotid artery or brain tissue, washed in saline, and immediately incubated in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h at room temperature. Next, samples were embedded in paraffin and cut into 5 mm sections (Kwon et al., 2013 (link)). Thrombus sections were stained with Anti-CD42b (ab183345, Abcam). And the platelet was stained brown. Brain tissue sections were stained with H&E (HT110216, Sigma-Aldrich). Images from immunofluorescent stainings were acquired using an Axio Observer Z1 inverted fluorescent microscope. Images were processed by Zen 2012 (blue edition, version 2.3, Zeiss) software.
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2

Anticoagulation and Platelet Labeling Protocol

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Human blood was obtained from healthy donors who self-reported as free of any bleeding diseases or disorders, as well as free of oral medication for at least 10 days. All blood was collected in accordance with the University of Pennsylvania’s Internal Review Board with informed consent. Blood was anticoagulated with 40 μg/mL corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI, Haematologic Technologies Inc., Essex Junction, VT) to inhibit factor βXIIa. Depending on the experiment, PE-labeled anti-CD61 and anti-CD62P (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) were used to label platelets and P-selectin, respectively. FITC-conjugated anti-von Willebrand Factor antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) was used to label von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and anti-fibrin antibody (gift from M. Poncz, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) was used to label fibrin. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, Sigma Aldrich) and anti-CD42B (anti-GPIb antibody, Abcam) were also added to whole blood before perfusion in certain experiments, where indicated.
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3

Fibronectin-Thrombin-Based Assay Protocol

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Fibronectin was from BD transduction laboratories (Heidelberg, Germany). Thrombin was from Hemochrom Diagnostica (Essen, Germany). The anti-cyclin Y antibody and the anti-CD42b were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). All other compounds were from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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4

Procoagulant Potential of Circulating Microparticles

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The frozen samples were thawed just prior to analysis. MPs with procoagulant potential were measured using a solid-phase capture assay from a commercial kit (Zymuphen MP-activity kit; Hyphen BioMed, France). In brief, MPs were isolated by capture onto immobilized annexin V, and the amount of captured MPs was determined by a prothrombinase assay using their procoagulant potential. The solid-phase capture assay combined with the prothrombinase assay provides a functional assessment of the procoagulant potential of isolated circulating MPs, regardless of the capture ligand [12 (link)]. Based on the median value of MPs, we divided our participants into either a low MPs group (The cell origins of the MPs were determined by antigenic capture with insolubilized specific antibodies instead of annexin V using similar solid-phase capture methods [12 (link)]. In the present study, the following biotinylated monoclonal antibodies were used: anti-CD31, anti-CD42b (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and anti-CD146 (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Results were expressed as phosphatidylserine equivalents (PS eq), which were calculated using the standard calibration curve constructed using liposomes of known concentration. All tests were performed in duplicate.
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5

Western Blotting of Platelet Proteins

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Human or rat platelet extracts were combined with LDS sample buffer (Invitrogen) and dithiothreitol (50 mM final concentration), boiled for 5 min, and then loaded to wells of a 3–8% polyarylamide gradient gel (Invitrogen). Following separation by electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to BioTraceNT (Pall Corporation) and then probed via western blotting with anti-GPIbα (Abcam anti-CD42b) or via lectin blotting with Mal-II (Vector Laboratories) as described [33 (link)].
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6

Quantification of Platelet GPIbα Binding

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GST or GST-BR fusion proteins were diluted to 500 nM in PBS and 50 μL applied to microtiter wells. Plates were incubated 18 hr at 4°C. Unbound proteins were removed by aspiration, and wells were rinsed with 100 μL TEN buffer (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM NaCl, pH 8). An extract enriched for glycocalicin (the soluble extracellular domain of GPIbα) was prepared by sonication of washed human platelets, followed by incubation at 37°C for 1 h to allow the proteolytic cleavage of GPIbα and release of glycocalicin, as described.28 (link) Insoluble debris was removed by centrifugation, followed by passage of the platelet extracts through a 0.45 μm filter. The platelet proteins were diluted to 60 μg/mL in TEN buffer containing Complete protease inhibitors (Roche) and 1X Blocking Reagent (Roche), with subsequent four-fold dilutions in the same buffer. Diluted platelet lysates (50 μL) were added to wells, and plates were incubated at 23 °C for 1 h with vigorous rocking. Wells were washed three times with PBS, and bound GPIbα was detected by ELISA, using a rabbit monoclonal anti-CD42b (abcam), followed by a peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Sigma), and colorimetric detection with o-phenylenediamine (Sigma). The negative control was background subtracted from the measurements.
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7

Platelet Activation and Signaling Pathway

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TPO (Cat. no. 1624) was purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA). JYBL-1 was from Sigma-Aldrich (Solarbio Life Sciences), and TRIzol® reagent was purchased from Selleckchem (Invitrogen). SYBR™ Premix Ex Taq II was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham USA, MA). CREG1 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (09015-1B7) and HUABIO (ER61836). The DyLight™ 488 conjugation kit, and anti-CD42a, anti-CD42b, and anti-CD41 antibodies, were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, USA). Anti-GAPDH, anti-cleaved caspase-3, anti-phospho-MEK1/2, anti-MEK1/2, anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), anti-ERK1/2, anti-p38, anti-phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), anti-phospho-PAK1/2 (Ser209), anti-phospho-LIMK1, anti-phospho-cofilin, anti-total PAK, anti-cofilin, and anti-total LIMK1 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). PE-CD41 was obtained from BD Biosciences, and FITC-CD42b was obtained from Emfret Analytics. U0126 and propidium iodide were obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China).
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