8 hydroxy 5 nitroquinoline nitroxoline

Human PC cell lines (AsPC-1, Capan-2 and BxPC-3) were cultured as previously described⁵ (link). The three cell lines display different genetic profiles⁵ (link). Human fibroblast cell line HFF-1 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA) and it was cultured in DMEM high glucose (4.5 g/L), supplemented with 15% FBS.
8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline (nitroxoline) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All compounds were dissolved in DMSO (stock solutions of 40 mM) and then in culture media for the final working concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO in the experiments was at most 0.27% and showed no cell toxicity.

Human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines AsPC-1 and Capan-2 were purchased from Cell Lines Service (CLS, Eppelheim, Germany). PC cell line BxPC-3 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). The three cell lines are known to express the EGFR protein [20 (link), 21 (link)]. AsPC-1 and Capan-2 carry KRAS mutations, while BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 are TP53 mutated. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640, supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C, 5% CO₂. Nelfinavir mesylate and erlotinib HCl (OSI-744) were obtained from Selleckchem (Munich, Germany). 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline (nitroxoline) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).