Somnopentyl

Manufactured by Kyoritsu Seiyaku

Sourced in Japan

Somnopentyl is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement and analysis of sleep-related parameters. It is a specialized device used in sleep research and clinical sleep studies to gather data on various sleep-related physiological indicators.

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Somnopentyl injection (5 citations)

135 protocols using somnopentyl

Ovarian Surface Cutting in GcNrg1KO Mice

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An overview of the cutting of the ovarian surface is shown in Figure 1. Six‐month‐old gcNrg1KO female mice were anesthetized using somnopentyl (Kyoritsu Seiyaku) and isoflurane (Pfizer Japan), and then a small incision in the skin of the left back was made using scissors (Figure 1A). The left ovary was pulled out on the gauze using forceps (Figure 1B). Under the microscope, a small incision in the balsa was made. The surface of the ovary was cut with micro‐scissors three to five times being careful not to divide the ovary. A video of this process is shown in Video S1. The ovaries were returned inside the body, and the skin was sutured after the operation. Cutting was also performed on the other side with the same method.
Four days after surgery, the ovaries were collected in order to assess tissue repair. Seven days after surgery, the ovaries were collected for histological analysis using PSR staining and for immunological analysis using IHC. Using the other gcNrg1KO female mice after cutting the ovarian surface, the estrous cycle was analyzed 7 days after surgery, and then a mating test or superovulation treatment was performed.

Umehara T., Urabe N., Obata T., Yamaguchi T., Tanaka A, & Shimada M. (2020). Cutting the ovarian surface improves the responsiveness to exogenous hormonal treatment in aged mice. Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 19(4), 415-424.

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Multi-Modal Tissue Fixation and Imaging

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After the in vivo MEMRI, the mice were deeply anesthetized using sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p., Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) following 2% isoflurane and transcardial perfusion fixation using saline and fixative solutions. The types of fixative solutions were 4% PFA in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4; Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan), and 1% and 2.5% GA (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) in 4% PFA/PBS for the PFA + 1% or 2.5% GA group. The perfusion fixation was initiated 24 h after Mn administration. The mouse brains were carefully removed from the skull and immersed in a fluorine compound (Fomblin, CF₃O[-CF(CF₃)CF₂O-]_x(-CF₂O-)_yCF₃; Solvay Solexis, NJ, USA) for ex vivo MEMRI. For longitudinal observation, the extracted brains using PFA were kept in the fixative solution for 7 days at 4°C and immersed in a fluorine compound. For the experiments of GA addition to the fixative solution, the fluorine compound was gently washed out from the brain samples perfused by PFA/GA using PBS after ex vivo MEMRI shortly after fixation. The extracted brains were kept in the PFA/GA fixative solution for 7 days at 4°C, and re-immersed in a fluorine compound for longitudinal observation.

Sato C., Sawada K., Wright D., Higashi T, & Aoki I. (2018). Isotropic 25-Micron 3D Neuroimaging Using ex vivo Microstructural Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 12, 110.

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Tumor growth inhibition by Jurkat cell injections

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Our institute's committee for ethics in animal experimentation approved all animal experimental protocols. Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Animal Experiments of Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology. Six female athymic nude mice were inoculated into their subcutaneous flanks (each side of flank per mouse) with DLD-1 cells at 2 × 10⁶ cells in 100 μl of PBS, and the inoculation time was set as day 0. From day 10, control group (n = 2) received PBS injections around the tumors twice a week for 2 weeks. Another group (n = 2) received injections of Jurkat cells (1 × 10⁵ cells in 100 μl of PBS) around the tumors. The other group (n = 2) received injections of EV-treated Jurkat cells (1 × 10⁵ cells in 100 μl of PBS) around the tumors. Jurkat cells and EV-treated Jurkat cells were irradiated with a 3 Gy electron beam prior to the injections. At day 24, the mice were sacrificed by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium (Somnopentyl; Kyoritsu Seiyaku Co., Tokyo, Japan). Tumor size were monitored by measuring the length (L), width (W), and depth (D), and the volumes were estimated according to the following formula: V (mm³) = L × W × D × 0.5.

Yamada N., Kuranaga Y., Kumazaki M., Shinohara H., Taniguchi K, & Akao Y. (2016). Colorectal cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce phenotypic alteration of T cells into tumor-growth supporting cells with transforming growth factor-β1-mediated suppression. Oncotarget, 7(19), 27033-27043.

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Osteochondral Defect Creation in Rat Knee

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The rats were anesthetized with somnopentyl (0.1 ml/100 g, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) followed after inhalation anesthesia induced by isoflurane. A parapatellar skin incision was made on the medial side of both knee joints. The patella was dislocated laterally to provide access to the femoral groove. An osteochondral defect (1 mm in diameter and reaching subchondral bone) was created at the center of the femoral groove with the knee flexed using a 1-mm biopsy punch. After the patella was relocated, the wound was closed with interrupted 6–0 nylon sutures. After the operation, the rats were kept warm at 37°C on heat insulating board. However we didn’t induce any analgesic drug during on post-surgery periods.

Yamaguchi S., Aoyama T., Ito A., Nagai M., Iijima H., Tajino J., Zhang X., Kiyan W, & Kuroki H. (2016). The Effect of Exercise on the Early Stages of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Induced Cartilage Repair in a Rat Osteochondral Defect Model. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0151580.

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Brain Tissue Preparation for Microscopy

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All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the RIKEN Kobe Institute and Kyushu University. ICR mice (Japan SLC, RRID: MGI: 5652524) were used for in utero electroporation and C57BL/6N mice (Japan SLC, RRID: MGI: 5658686) were used for AAV experiments (age, P56-70; male). To obtain brain tissue, mice were i.p. injected with an overdose of nembutal (Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma) or somnopentyl (Kyoritsu Seiyaku) to produce deep anesthesia, followed by an intracardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Excised brain samples were post-fixed with 4% PFA in PBS at 4°C overnight. Samples were then embedded in 4% agarose and cut into slices of 220, 500, or 1000 μm thick with a microslicer, PRO7N (Dosaka EM).

Sakaguchi R., Leiwe M.N, & Imai T. (2018). Bright multicolor labeling of neuronal circuits with fluorescent proteins and chemical tags. eLife, 7, e40350.

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Oral Mucosal Epithelium Transplantation in Rabbits

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Eight female New Zealand white rabbits (aged 12 to 14 weeks and weighing about 2.5 kg) were assigned to a simple oral mucosal epithelium transplantation (SOMET) group (n = 4) or a Control group (n = 4). General anesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of xylazine (5 mg/ml) and ketamine (50 mg/ml). In all rabbits, the right eye was used for this study. Evaluation was performed at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery, and ocular specimens were excised at 2 weeks postoperatively after the rabbits were killed by intracardiac injection of sodium pentobarbital (Somnopentyl, Kyoritsuseiyaku, Tokyo, Japan). Animals were treated in accordance with the animal experiment protocol approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of the University of Tokyo and the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals Research in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.

Inamochi A., Tomioka A., Kitamoto K., Miyai T., Usui T., Aihara M, & Yamagami S. (2019). Simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in a rabbit model. Scientific Reports, 9, 18088.

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Submandibular Gland Partial and Total Resection

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Twenty-one male Wistar rats were used as the untreated group: 3 animals each at 3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, and 48 weeks old (W). Surgery was performed on 18 8W male rats weighing approximately 200 g: 12 and 6 animals in the partial resection and total resection groups, respectively. Animals were maintained according to the Meikai University guidelines for experiments. They were fed pellets and given free access to drinking water during the experimental period. This study was performed after approval by the Animal Ethics Committee of Meikai University School of Dentistry (A1316).
Surgery on the submandibular gland was performed using the procedure reported by Mizobe et al. [25 (link)]. Under general anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg pentobarbital sodium (Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu Seiyaku, Tokyo, Japan), the rat was placed in a supine position, an incision was made in the right submandibular skin, and connective tissue was dissected while avoiding damage to the surrounding tissue, including nerves and blood vessels.

Kawabe Y., Mizobe K., Bando Y., Sakiyama K., Taira F., Tomomura A., Araki H, & Amano O. (2016). Morphological Changes of Myoepithelial Cells in the Rat Submandibular Gland Following the Application of Surgical Stimuli. Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica, 49(6), 159-169.

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In Utero and In Ovo Electroporation

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The pregnant mice were anesthetized either with a combination of isoflurane (1.0% in air) and pentobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg body weight; Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) or with a mixture of medetomidine (37.5 μg/kg; Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo, Fukushima, Japan), midazolam (2 mg/kg; Sandoz, Tokyo, Japan), and butorphanol (0.25 mg/kg; Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan). The uterus was exposed after abdominal incision, and ~2 μl of plasmid was injected into the 4th ventricle, the central canal of the spinal cord, or the cerebral aqueduct of E12.5 or E11.5 embryos. Five square electric pulses (30 V, 50-ms duration at 200-ms intervals) were applied using a forceps-type electrode (CUY650P5 or CUY650P2, Nepa Gene, Japan) connected to a square-pulse generator (CUY21, BEX, Japan).
In ovo EP was performed on HHst16/17 chick embryos essentially as previously described with some modifications (76 (link)). Approximately 0.5 μl of DNA solution at 1 to 2 μg/μl (or in the case of reporter analysis at 5 μg/μl) was injected into the central canal of the spinal cord, and three square electric pulses (25 V, 50-ms duration at 950-ms intervals) were applied using either a parallel platinum electrode (4-mm exposed end and 0.5-mm diameter) connected to a square-pulse generator (CUY21, BEX, Japan) or a 0.5-mm tungsten wire electrode connected to a BTX electroporator (ECM 830).

Masuda A., Nishida K., Ajima R., Saga Y., Bakhtan M., Klar A., Hirata T, & Zhu Y. (2024). A global gene regulatory program and its region-specific regulator partition neurons into commissural and ipsilateral projection types. Science Advances, 10(21), eadk2149.

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Evaluating Observer Behavior through Demonstrator Modulation

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To evaluate whether the observer’s behaviour mainly vary because of the demonstrator mice’s hyperactivity or immobility we have used drugs for demonstrators. We investigated whether immobility times among observer mice decreased when demonstrator mice exhibited excessive activity. We treated the demonstrator mice, with MK-801 to reduce the immobility. In the present study, (+)-MK-801 (dizocilpine hydrogen maleate; 130-17381, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation) was diluted in saline at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MK-801 of 0.2 mg/kg 30 min before being tested. The demonstrator mice were treated with pentobarbital to induce sleep and increase their immobility. Cagemate mice were deeply anaesthetised via a high dose of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, IP; Somnopentyl^®, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corp. Tokyo, Japan). The experimental apparatus consisted of two identical chambers (18 cm × 20 cm × 40 cm) with a transparent divider in the middle and a metal grid floor. Treated mice were placed in the demonstrator chamber, while cagemate mice were placed in the observer chamber (Fig. 2a). The resultant behaviour was recorded for 4 min. Images were captured using a video camera, and immobility time was measured and evaluated using the ANY-MAZE software.

Ueno H., Suemitsu S., Murakami S., Kitamura N., Wani K., Takahashi Y., Matsumoto Y., Okamoto M, & Ishihara T. (2020). Conformity-like behaviour in mice observing the freezing of other mice: a model of empathy. BMC Neuroscience, 21, 19.

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Excisional Wound Healing in Mice

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Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital (Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and sustained by inhalation anesthesia of isoflurane (Isoflurane, Mairan Pharma, Osaka, Japan). The dorsal hair was shaved to fully expose the skin, which was then rinsed with 70% ethanol. Four full-thickness wounds extending to the panniculus carnosus were created using a 6-mm-diameter biopsy punch (Biopsy Punch, Kai Industries Co., Ltd., Gifu, Japan) under sterile conditions. The injured areas were covered with a polyurethane film (Tegaderm Transparent Dressing, 3M Health Care, Saint Paul, MN, USA) and an elastic adhesive bandage (Hilate, Iwatsuki, Tokyo, Japan) for an occlusive dressing. At various time points, mice were sacrificed and the wound tissue was collected by excising a 1-cm-square section of skin using scissors and a surgical knife. The tissue was then processed for histopathological analysis and measurement of cytokine concentrations.

Tanno H., Kanno E., Kurosaka S., Oikawa Y., Watanabe T., Sato K., Kasamatsu J., Miyasaka T., Ishi S., Shoji M., Takagi N., Imai Y., Ishii K., Tachi M, & Kawakami K. (2021). Topical Administration of Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Strain KH2 Promotes Re-Epithelialization and Granulation Tissue Formation during Skin Wound-Healing. Biomedicines, 9(11), 1520.

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