Gamble solution was prepared as described by Berlinger et al. 29 All samples and blanks were added to 10 mL of Gamble solutusted with 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH) in 15 mL polypropylene tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) and shaken, before leaving for 24 hours in a laboratory oven set to 37 AE 1 C. The samples were then ltered through 0.45 mm pore size 25 mm mixed cellulose ester membrane lters (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) xed in Disposable Funnel units (Eichrom Technologies, Lisle, USA) sealed with Teon tape. One mL nitric acid (puriss p.a., Sigma Aldrich -Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 100 mL internal standard solution (germanium 25 mg L À1 ) were added to the ltrate before dilution to 25 mL with deionised water (18.2 MU cm, Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membrane lters with the nondissolved PM were microwave digested (Multiwave PRO, Anton Paar, Graz, Austria) in temperature controlled vessels aer adding a mixture of nitric-(1.5 mL), hydrochloric (5 mL)and hydrouoric acid (0.6 mL) (puriss p.a., Sigma Aldrich -Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The digests were diluted to 50 mL with deionised water aer adding 200 mL internal standard solution (germanium 25 mg L À1 ).
Puriss p a
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Puriss p.a. is a high-purity laboratory reagent manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for analytical and research applications requiring a high degree of chemical purity. The product ensures consistent and reliable results by providing a consistent level of quality and purity.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ammonium carbonate, by BD (1 mentions)
Hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Disodium methyl arsonate hexahydrate, by Chem Service (1 mentions)
Pro analysi, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Autolab pgstat12 potentiostat, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
15 ml polypropylene tube, by Sarstedt (1 mentions)
Multiwave pro, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Acs reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium 4 isopropoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 propanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gptms, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using puriss p a
1
Gamble Solution Extraction and Analysis
2
Arsenic Speciation Analysis Protocol
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All materials used were of analytical grade or better unless otherwise stated. MilliQ (18 MΩ cm) water was used throughout. A 1000 mgL−1 As stock solution (as H3AsO4) was purchased from Peak Performance (CPI International, USA) as were Te (1000 mgL−1) and In (1000 mgL−1) standards for use as internal standards, for calibration of arsenic species. Dimethylarsinic acid disodium salt (100%) supplied by Argus-Chemicals (Italy) was dissolved in MilliQ water and diluted as required. Disodium methyl arsonate hexahydrate (99.5%) was supplied by Chem-Service (USA); disodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (AsV), sodium arsenite (AsIII) and ammonium carbonate were purchased from BDH (UK). Chemicals used for extractions were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: MeOH (> 99.9%), DCM (> 99.8%), hexane (> 97%). Hydrogen peroxide (puriss p.a., > 30%) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Two nitric acids were used: trace select (> 69%) was purchased from Fluka (UK) and puriss p.a. (> 65%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; the puriss p.a. acid was used throughout unless otherwise stated.
3
Extraction and Profiling of Plant Metabolites
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Lids and pitchers were separated, washed with tap water and ground up. Fresh (2 g; metabolite profiling) or freeze dried (200 mg; coniine analysis) plant material was used for extraction as described in [31 (link)]. Lipids were removed from the plant material with 3.0 ml petroleum ether (puriss p.a., Sigma-Aldrich Munich, Germany). The plant material was diluted with 2.0 ml ultrapure water and a pH above 9 was obtained by addition of 10% ammonium hydroxide solution (25% stock solution, pro analysi, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Metabolites were extracted twice with 2.0 ml dichloromethane (HPLC grade, Rathburn Chemicals Ltd, Walkerburn, Scotland, UK). The combined dichloromethane extracts were evaporated to dryness and dissolved in 100 μl dichloromethane for further analysis.
4
Selective Cu Etching for Nanoporous Ag
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Selective etching of Cu from printed Cu–Ag structures was performed under potential control at 0.25 V versus a saturated calomel electrode in 10 vol.% aqueous phosphoric acid (Puriss p.a., >85%, Sigma Aldrich), using an Autolab PGSTAT12 potentiostat (Metrohm) and a Pt counter-electrode. The etching solution was not agitated. Typical etching times were 45 s for sacrificial Cu support structures and 15 s to generate nanoporous Ag (Fig. 4 ). Samples were blow dried with air after etching.
5
Magnesium Alloy Surface Pretreatment
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AZ31 (3 wt.% Al, 1 wt.% Zn, 0.3 wt.% Mn) and ZE41 (4 wt.% Zn, 1 wt.% RE, 0.7 wt.% Zr) magnesium alloys were obtained as extruded rods (Magnesium Elektron Company, UK). (3glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (≥98% GPTMS, Aldrich), titanium IV iso-propoxide (≥97% TIP, Aldrich), acetylacetone, and 2-propanol (≥99.5% ACS reagent, Sigma-Aldrich) were analytical grade. The metallic coupons were cut into discs ( 25 mm x 3 mm thick) and sequentially polished from 180 up to 1000 SiC grit papers. A surface pre-treatment by immersion in 12% HF (puriss p.a., Sigma-Aldrich) was performed to promote the formation of a layer of MgF2 [25] (link). The 12% HF pre-treated alloys were denoted as AZ31 and ZE41. All pre-treated samples were thoroughly washed with ethanol (≥ 96%, Sigma-Aldrich) and dried with air stream.
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