Sodium tetrachloropalladate ii na2pdcl4

Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂, EG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M_w ∼1 300 000), sodium tetrachloropalladate (ii) (Na₂PdCl₄) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ti₃AlC₂ powder (400 mesh) was purchased from 11 Technology Co., Ltd (Changchun, China). Hydrofluoric acid (HF, ∼50%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH) were purchased from Daejung Chem (Siheung, South Korea).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (Na₂PdCl₄, 98%), commercial palladium on carbon (Pd/C, 10 wt.% loading), submicron Pd catalyst (Purity > 99 wt%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Co., USA). MWCNTs (Purity > 95 wt%, -NH2 content 0.45 wt%) with ~50 μm length (8–15 nm outer diameter, 3–5 nm inner diameter) were obtained from Timesnano, China. Other chemicals used were analytical grade at least. All of the aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water (18.25 MΩ·cm⁻¹).

The VEGF ELISA kit, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, phosphate—buffered saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics and PrestoBlue cell viability reagent were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Johannesburg, South Africa). Sterile cell culture plates and flasks were obtained from Lasec SA (Pty) Ltd. (Midrand, South Africa). The BD^TM Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokine kit, BD Cytofix^TM fixation buffer and the BD Phosflow^TM permeation buffer were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). The PGE₂ ELISA kit was purchased from Biocom Biotech (Pty) Ltd. (Pretoria, South Africa). Sodium tetrachloroaurate (III) dehydrate (NaAuCl₄) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) was procured from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). The Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) as well as all other chemicals and reagents, including actinomycin D (purity ≥ 95%), oleanolic acid (purity ≥ 97%), ursolic acid (purity ≥ 90%), human cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, sodium tetrachloropalladate (II) (Na₂PdCl₄) and Folin—Ciocalteu phenol reagent were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).