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96 protocols using axiovision release 4

1

Multicolor Chromosome Imaging Protocol

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For the two-dimensional image acquisition, an Axioplan 2 microscope (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada) with a 63 ×/1.4 oil objective lens (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada) and the ISIS-FISH imaging system 5.0 SR 3 (Metasystems Group Inc., Boston, MA) were used. The chromosomal counterstain was visualized with the help of a 4’6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole filter. To detect the four regions of chromosome 11 that were labeled with different fluorochromes (DEAC, FITC, Gold, and Texas Red), narrow band-pass filters were used (Chroma Technologies) as described by our group previously.
3D image acquisition was conducted using an AxioImager Z2 microscope (Carl Zeiss Inc. Canada) equipped with the same filters and an AxioCam MRm (Carl Zeiss Inc. Canada), combined with the Axiovision Release 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss Inc. Canada). Z-stacks of 80 slices, with 200-nm axial distance and 102-nm lateral pixel size, were acquired to reconstruct a 3D image. Using Axiovision Release 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss Inc. Canada), deconvolution was conducted with the constrained iterative algorithm (Schaefer et al., 2001).
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2

Collagen Fiber Analysis in Cornea

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After transmittance measurements, the corneas were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5-μm thick were stained with Picrosirius-red (0.1% Sirius red in saturated aqueous picric acid for 1 h) (Junqueira et al., 1979) . Sections were examined under an Axiophot microscope (Zeiss Axiophot HBO-50; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with polarized light. Photomicrographs were captured using the AxioCam HRc Digital Camera and Axiovision release 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss) under the same plane of polarization. Polarization colors are associated with different collagen fiber thicknesses, packing density, and spatial arrangement (Dayan et al., 1989) . Orange to red colors were correlated with thick collagen fibers that were tightly packed and well aligned. Yellowish-green colors were correlated with thinner fibers that were less tightly packed.
Other 5-μm sections were stained with a modification of the Gomori's Silver Impregnation technique to demonstrate the presence of collagen type III fibers [54] . The sections were examined under an Axiophot microscope (Zeiss Axiophot HBO-50; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and photomicrographs were obtained with an AxioCam HRc Digital Camera and Axiovision release 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss).
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3

Quantifying Lung Transplant Rejection Markers

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Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from CLAD explant (n=4, all BOS) and normal donor (n=2) was sectioned 24–48hrs before use and stored at 4°C until time of processing. Probes of interest including Areg, EGFR, PPIB (positive control) and negative control were purchased from Advanced Cell Diagnostics (Newark, CA). Slides were processed according to manufacturer instructions (supplement). Probes were developed using chromogenic red kit. Images were obtained using a Zeiss Observer.Z1 inverted fluorescent microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Gottingen, Germany) equipped with a digital camera and processed using AxioVision Release 4.6.3 (Carl Zeiss) Software.
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4

Mammary Gland Morphometric Analysis

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The number of mammary ductal branch points, ductal outgrowth length and number of terminal end buds (TEBs) were determined from mammary whole mount images taken under bright field microscope using SteREOLumar, a V12 microscope with Axiocam Zeiss MRc camera and AxioVision Release 4.6.3 software (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany). Morphometric analysis was performed using Image J 1.44 software. To determine the number of branch points, grids were overlaid on images and all resolvable branch points were counted at the leading edge of advancing ducts. The number of branch points was then averaged to yield the mean number in each grid. Mammary ductal length was measured as the length from the primary duct to the leading edge of the duct. The number of TEBs was determined by counting the number of TEBs with areas ≥ 0.03 mm2 at the leading edge of advancing ducts. Only TEBs with areas ≥ 0.03 mm2 and having distinct bulbous feature were counted as TEB structures. This is to differentiate TEBs from terminal end ducts 23 (link).
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5

Puromycin Sensitivity Dose Response

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The puromycin dose response curves were performed by seeding 5×103 Bge cells per well into 6-well plates and 2 days later puromycin dihydrochloride (Life Technology, USA) was added to the culture medium at final concentrations of 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/ml. Given that puromycin is supplied at 10 mg/ml in 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.2 – 7.5), cells cultured in 10 μM HEPES (but without puromycin) served as controls. The cells were observed every day under bright light using a Zeiss Axio Observer A.1 inverted microscope fitted with a digital camera (AxioCam ICc3, Zeiss, USA). Manipulation of digital images, which was limited to insertion of scale bars, adjustments of brightness and contrast, cropping and the like, was undertaken with the AxioVision release 4.6.3 software (Zeiss). The experiment was repeated three times.
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6

Insulin Immunohistochemistry in Rat Pancreas

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An immunohistochemistry of insulin was performed to identify β-cells by using guinea pig polyclonal anti-insulin antibody (A0564, Dako) diluted 1:100 in rat pancreas sections (4 µm), as previously described (13 (link)). Images of insulin-positive pancreatic β-cells in Langerhans islets were captured in all fields from each animal at a total magnification of 200X, and their area and number were assessed using the software AxioVision Release 4.6.3 (Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
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7

Histopathological Analysis of Colon Post-Transplantation

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On day 28 after transplantation, animals were sacrificed. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained organ sections from individual mice were coded without reference to mouse type and prior treatment and detailed analysis of changes in colon was performed in a blinded fashion as described previously [34 (link)]. Analysis was performed by light microscopy (Axioskop 2 plus, Carl Zeiss GmbH, Jena, Germany). Photographs of histopathology were acquired by AxioCam HRc (Carl Zeiss GmbH) and processed with AxioVision Release 4.6.3 (Carl Zeiss GmbH, Jena, Germany).
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8

Measuring Adipocyte Surface Area in SCWAT

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The adipocyte surface area (CSA) of adipocytes in SCWAT was measured as previously described [64 (link)]. Briefly, sections (6 µm) of 4% formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded SCWAT biopsies were stained with H&E. Images of three fields per section from each animal were captured with the 40× objective, and the adipocyte CSA from, at least, 100 cells/section were measured using AxioVision Release 4.6.3 software (Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
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9

Measuring Brown Adipocyte Cell Surface Area

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The cell surface area (CSA) of brown adipocytes was measured as previously described [23 (link)]. Briefly, biopsies of BAT were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 4 μm and stained with hematoxylin–eosin. Images of three fields per section from each animal were captured with the 20× objective, and the brown adipocyte CSA from, at least 100 cells/section was measured using the software AxioVision Release 4.6.3 (Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
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10

Histological Evaluation of Colitis in Mice

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Full-length colons of experimental mice were removed, flushed of fecal contents, opened longitudinally, and placed in Bouin’s fixative for 24 hours. Tissues were embedded in paraffin, cut to 3 µm, and stained with H&E. Disease severity was evaluated by a trained pathologist (Wei Xin, M.D.) in a blinded fashion using an established histologic scoring system for colitis34 (link). Images were obtained on an Axiophot microscope, captured on an Axiocam and assembled using Axiovision Release 4.5 (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY).
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