Malvern zeta instrument 3000

The morphology of nanosaponins was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (a Tecnai G20 FEI, Netherlands). Briefly, a drop of suspended nanoparticles was placed on a Parafilm and carbon-coated mesh (Agar Scientific, UK) floated onto the nanoparticle droplet and held for 5 min, then fixed in 2% phosphorous tungstic acid (PTA) (Sigma, USA) for another 5 min. The grid was removed to temper excess fluid and dropped onto Whatman paper (GE Healthcare, UK) into a Petri dish. The mesh was dried again in a dryer. Two different methods of imaging were done; the first was the bright field upon electron acceleration at a voltage of 200 kV using the lanthanum electron source gun (LaB6). The second is diffraction pattern imaging. An Eagle CCD camera with 4-K image resolution was used to acquire and collect the transmitted electron images.
The zeta potential of the ultra-sonicated saponin nanoparticle was also measured using a Dynamic Laser Light Scattering (DLS) method in a Malvern zeta instrument 3000 (Malvern Instrument, UK) (Morsy et al. 2016 (link)). Briefly, about 100 μl of saponin nanoparticles was re-suspended in 900 μl Milli-Q water and added to the cuvette; zeta potential was then measured at 25 °C temperature and at a scattering angle of 90 °C.

The initial characterization was carried out by UV-vis spectroscopic study using a UV 1650 PC-Shimazu B UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimazu, Osaka, Japan). The XRD analysis of the prepared CuNPs@Gelatin was carried out by Philip X’pert PXRD (Cu Kα radiation; PANalytical, Almedo, The Netherlands). The prepared CuNPs@Gelatin was also subjected to zeta potential measurements using a dynamic laser light scattering method in a Malvern zeta instrument 3000 (Malvern Instrument, UK). FTIR spectra of the samples were obtained at ambient temperature using the KBr disk method. A disk containing 1 mg of sample was recorded within the wavenumber range of 200 to 4000 cm⁻¹ using a series 100 Perkin Elmer (USA) FT-IR 1650 spectrophotometer. The components of the samples were measured by the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology and size of the prepared CuNPs@Gelatin were examined using FESEM and TEM. The FESEM with EDX analysis was performed with a JEOL JSM-7600F instrument. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation was carried out using TEM, Philips CM-12, and the particle size distribution was measured using UTHSCSA Image Tool version 3.0. Also, the histograms were created using IBM-SPSS software, and the graph fitting was created using Microsoft Excel program.