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4 protocols using gelatine from cold water fish skin

1

Molecular Profiling of Apoptosis in Tissue

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Ibotenic acid (ibotenate) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (RD-0285/5, R&D Systems, Germany), isoflurane from Abbvie GmbH (B506100017, Vienna, Austria). LMP (Neurocil®) was obtained from Bayer Pharma (Leverkusen, Germany), cresyl violet acetate from Sigma (C5042, Vienna, Austria). Rabbit polyclonal anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (9661, Frankfurt/Main, Germany), biotinylated isolectin B4/G. simplicifolia was obtained from Vector Laboratories (B-1205, Szabo-Scandic, Vienna, Austria), biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG from Jackson ImmunoResearch Europe Ltd. (111-065-003 Cambridgeshire, UK), Vectastain Elite ABC Kit from Vector Laboratories (PK-6100 Szabo-Scandic, Vienna, Austria). In situ cell death detection kit, POD (11684817910, TUNEL), recombinant DNase I (04536282001) and proteinase K (03115879001) were obtained from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany), diaminobenzidine was purchased from LifeTechnologies (750118, ThermoFisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria), HistoGreen from Linaris (E109, Dossenheim, Germany). Gelatine from cold water fish skin was obtained from Sigma (G7765, Vienna, Austria), biotin-free bovine serum albumin was purchased from Carl Roth (0163.1, Karlsruhe, Germany) and Target Retrieval Solution was from Dako (S1699, Agilent Technologies, Vienna, Austria).
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2

Ultrastructural Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

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The EVs obtained as described above were fixed with Karnovsky’s fixative38 (2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 2%(v/v) formaldehyde in PBS 1X) 4 h at 4 °C and then dehydrated and embedded in LR White resin (Sigma). The ultrathin section on grids was blocked in a solution containing 1% (w/v) gelatine from cold-water fish skin (SIGMA) prepared in PBS 10 min RT, then, placed on three drops of 0.02 M glycine in PBS for 5 min each of them, and finally blocked with 1% albumin from chicken egg white (Sigma) for 15 min at RT. The grids were placed in a wet chamber and incubated with 20 μl of a 1:20 dilution of anti C-term MASP and anti-clathrin (SCBT) antibodies for 90 min at RT. To eliminate the unbound antibodies, the grids were washed 5× in PBS for 25 min and then immersed in a 1:20 dilution of anti-rat and anti-rabbit polyclonal antibodies labeled with 10 and 25 nm gold-particles, respectively. Afterwards, the grids were washed 4× (5 min each) in PBS followed by washing step of 5 min in distilled water. The samples were finally contrasted with 2% (v/v) uranyl acetate solution and the EM observations were carried out with a Zeiss (Libra- 2000) transmission microscope.
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3

Electron Microscopy Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles

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The pellets with the purified EVs were fixed and treated as previously described19 (link). The grids, containing the ultrathin section of the EVs were blocked in a blocking solution containing 1% (w/v) gelatine from cold-water fish skin (SIGMA) prepared in PBS and incubated for 10 min at RT, then the grids were placed upon of 0.02 M glycine in PBS and finally the blocking procedure concluded with incubation in a solution of 1% albumin from chicken egg white (Sigma) for a total of 15 min at RT.
The grids were placed upon 20 μl for 90 min at RT 1:20 dilution with anti-Clathrin antibodies (SCBT) as EVs putative marker control or anti-MASP SP. The grids were then washed five times in PBS for 25 min. Next, Gold-labelled (10 nm) secondary antibodies were used at 1:20 dilution under the same conditions. Finally, the grids were washed in PBS for 25 min in distilled water and contrasted with 2% (v/v) uranyl acetate solution. EM observations were done in Carl Zeiss SMT LIBRA 120 PLUS TEM.
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4

Identifying Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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To visualise CD34 + /CD90 + cells as indicator for ASCs presence (De Francesco et al., 2009) (link), pure fat and isolated microtissue-SVF were placed into a 12-well plate. Both were washed with PBS, then blocked at room temperature for 2 h with a solution containing PBS, 0.2 % bovine serum albumin (BSA; BD Biosciences) and 0.1 % gelatine from cold-waterfish skin (Sigma-Aldrich). The same solution was used during the incubation with the antibody and for the washing steps, if not indicated differently. The primary antibodies CD34 and CD90 (both 1 µg/ mL; Novus/Bio-Techne Ltd., Abingdon, UK) were applied overnight at 4 °C. On the next day, both conditions were washed and incubated for 4 h at room temperature in the dark with the secondary antibodies goat anti-mouse Rhodamine Red™-X and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (both 1 µg/mL; Invitrogen). Nuclear counterstaining was performed with DAPI (0.38 ng/mL; Invitrogen) at room temperature for 10 min in the dark. The samples were washed with PBS and mounted on microscope slides using the Prolong Antifade kit (Molecular Probes). Images were acquired using a confocal microscope (Nikon C2, Nikon).
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