Combur 10 test d dipstick

First morning urine samples were collected from nine healthy volunteers, unless otherwise specified, ranging from 24 to 57 years of age (Five males and four females). Samples were tested by Combur 10 Test®D dipstick (Roche Diagnostics; Mannheim, Germany) and values were within normal range or negative. Coordinating Ethics Committee, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland, approved the study with following number: 114/13/03/00/16. Written informed consent was obtained from the healthy volunteers. All methodology complies with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Control urine samples were collected from twelve healthy volunteers among the laboratory staff, aged 20–40, in accordance with ethical protocols of the Dublin City University. First morning void urine was processed within 3 h without addition of protease inhibitors. Urine was anonymously tested by Combur 10 Test D dipstick (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) for the following: specific gravity, leucocytes, nitrites, proteins, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood, and haemoglobin.
All patients participated in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) study, a nationwide multicenter study with the aim of identifying genetic and clinical risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. The study protocol is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and it has been approved by the local ethics committee in each participating study centre. Urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) was determined in 24 h urine collections by immunoturbidimetry (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). The renal status was defined based on AER in at least two of three collections. Patients were divided by AER categorically.