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84 protocols using lambda 900

1

Characterization of ZnO Nanorods by SEM-EDS

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The morphology, structure, and elemental composition of the fabricated ZnO nanorods were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Sigma 500 Gemini equipped with EDS). The SEM images were obtained using the In-lens detector, which primarily gathered secondary electrons, offering topographical details of the sample at magnifications ranging from 250× to 1,000,000. The working distance stood at 5.0 mm, operated under a voltage (ETH) of 1.0 kV.
Elemental analysis was performed by utilizing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in conjunction with the SEM.
Absorption spectroscopy investigations were conducted at room temperature using the Absorption Spectrometer Lambda 900 (232003—Lambda 900 PerkinElmer). The salicylic acid showed a maximum absorption peak at ~285 nm. This peak was used to investigate the change in the absorbance peak of salicylic acid at a maximum wavelength of 285 nm and DI water was used as a reference.
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2

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

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For the photocatalytic degradation methyl orange (MO), a 30 mg photocatalyst was dispersed into 60 mL of MO solution (10 ppm) in a quartz vial. The resulting suspension was stirred in the dark for 1 h to ensure the establishment of an adsorption–desorption equilibrium between the sample and the reactant. Then, the reaction system was irradiated via a 300 W Xe lamp (CEL-HXF300) system with a UV-CUT filter (λ > 420 nm). As the reactions proceeded, 3 mL of the suspension was taken at a certain time interval and was centrifuged to remove the catalyst. Following this, the residual amount of MO in the solution was analyzed on the basis of its characteristic optical absorption at 470 nm, using a UV/vis/NIR spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 900) to measure the change in MO concentration with an irradiation time based on Lambert–Beer's law. The percentage of degradation is denoted as C/C0. Here C is the absorption of the MO solution at each irradiation time interval of the main peak of the absorption spectrum, whereas C0 is the absorption of the initial concentration when the absorption–desorption equilibrium was achieved.
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3

Characterization of Raw Materials

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All of the raw materials employed in our investigation were obtained from the market, and they were exploited without processing. Through utilizing the analyzer of elemental Vario EL III, the hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon elements were analyzed. The PXRD could be analyzed with the powder diffractometer of PANalytical X’Pert Pro utilizing the Cu/Kα radiation (with λ of 1.54056 Å) with 0.05° step size. The thermogravimetric analysis were conducted via exploiting the thermoanalyzer of NETSCHZ STA-449C under the atmosphere of N2 with 10°C/min rate. For the solution of Congo red, its ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra could be harvested with the ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer of Perkin-Elmer Lambda 900.
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Assessing Coating Stability and Integrity

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For investigating the stability of different coatings, MP, TNT15, TNT125, MP15 and MP125 specimens were soaked into deionized water and then ultrasonically treated at 300 W for 4 hrs using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (SB-5200DT, Ningbo, China). The soaking water was collected for detecting the content of TiO2 fragments dropped from different samples using an UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer (Lambda 900, PerkinElmer instruments, USA). The representative TNT125 fragments in soaking water were also characterized by SEM. Meanwhile, after cleaning three times with deionized water and drying with nitrogen stream, surface morphology of different samples was observed through the stereomicroscope (SMZ800N, Tokyo, Japan) and SEM. Next, the coating stability was further investigated via the scratch test using a scratch tester (CSM Instruments, Switzerland). The progressive load was from 1 to 20 N. The initial stripping force of the coating around scratch tracks was analyzed in this work.
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5

Ultrasound-Triggered DOX Release from PVA/SF Nanoparticles

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The DOX-loaded PVA/SF nanoparticles were collected and incubated in a conical flask with 20 ml of PBS, shaken at 37 °C, 120 rpm for 72 h. In this study, an US stimulus was used to investigate the drug release kinetics under US treatment. The transducer of the low-intensity focused ultrasound (1 MHz, acoustic intensity: 1.2 W/cm2, duty cycle: 50%, Chongqing Medical University, China) applied the stimulus. The acoustic power and stimulation time was set at 0.6 w and 30 s, respectively. At the designated time, 2 ml of the release medium was taken and replaced by the same amount of fresh buffer. DOX concentration was determined at 483 nm by UV spectrometry (Lambda 900, PerkinElmer, USA). The accumulated release percentage of the drug and the entrapment efficiency were evaluated according to Peltonen et al.34 .
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of EGFRmAb-Coated Gold Nanorods

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AuNRs were provided by the Kunming Institute of Precious Metals (Kunming, People’s Republic of China). AuNRs were prepared using seeded growth conditions, described elsewhere.37 (link)–39 The longitudinal plasmon resonances of AuNRs centered at 800 nm. To prepare the EGFRmAb-AuNRs conjugates, a 250 μL colloidal solution (0.4 nmol/L) of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)-modified AuNRs and 1 μL (25.7 mg/mL) EGFRmAb (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) were mixed and oscillated for 30 minutes. Then, the solution was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 12,000 rpm, and the sediments of EGFRmAb-AuNR conjugate were dissolved with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The synthetic AuNRs (0.1 nmol/L) were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEM 1010; JEOL Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) to determine the mean value of the long and transverse diameter of the AuNRs. The absorption spectra of the AuNRs and EGFRmAb-AuNRs were determined by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis)-NIR spectrometer (Lambda 900; PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). A diode laser K81S09F (WT Beijing Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic China), at 808 nm, was used for the laser irradiation experiment. The red laser, at 808 nm, was focused to a 1 mm diameter spot on the sample.
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7

Enzymatic Synthesis of Pyomelanin Mimics

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Pyomelanin mimics from HGA and GA were synthesized following the protocol reported in [21 (link)]. The synthesis was performed using T. versicolor laccase (0.1 mM–0.92 U mg−1) at pH 7.1 in phosphate buffer (100 mM) and with a laccase:substrate 1:1000 molar ratio for both of them. The reaction mixture was leave to react for 48 h in a shaker (150 rpm) at room temperature (T = 298 K) in presence of oxygen. A brownish solution was obtained. The powder was collected after centrifugation and extensively dried under a nitrogen flux. The synthesis was performed in triplicate. The substrates and solvents were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and used without further purification.
The UV–vis spectra were obtained using a Lambda 900/Perkin Elmer Instruments (Norwalk, CT, USA) spectrophotometer operating in the range 200–800 nm. ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) Fourier Transform Infrared spectra were obtained using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum One spectrometer. Spectra were acquired in the wavenumber range of 500–4000 cm−1 at room temperature using KBr with a resolution of 4 cm−1.
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8

Hemolysis and Cell Recovery Protocol

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Sixty
microliters of RBC/cryoprotectant suspension were added into 540 μL
of PBS solution and centrifuged (500g, 5 min, 4 °C).
Thereafter, 200 μL of the supernatant was removed and added
into 3.8 mL of PBS solution. Absorbance was measured with an ultraviolet/visible
(UV/vis) spectrometer (Lambda 900, Perkin Elmer) at 414 nm (1 cm light
path). Hemolysis (%) and cell recovery (%) were calculated according
to eqs 1 and 2, respectively. Triplicate samples were characterized
for each group. The Abs (0% hemolysis)
and
Abs (100% hemolysis) represent the 414 nm absorbance values of the
0% and 100% hemolysis and control samples.
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9

Characterization of Thin Film Samples

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XRD patterns were obtained from an X-ray diffractometer (Pananalytical X’Pert Pro) with an X-ray tube (Cu Kα, λ = 1.5406 Å). Steady-state PL spectra of the films were recorded by using a 450 nm laser as an excitation source. Absorption spectra were measured with a PerkinElmer model Lambda 900. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Philips XL30 FEG SEM) was operated at 3 keV to characterize the morphology of the samples.
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10

Quantum Yield Determination of C-dots

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The PL quantum yield was calculated through the well-established comparative method using quinine sulfate as a reference. The following equations were used in the quantum yield measurement:
where is the quantum yield, F is the calculated integrated luminescence intensity, n is the refractive index, A is the optical density (measured with a UV–vis spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer, Lambda 900), and G is the gradient of a linear plot of F as a function of A. The subscripts “C” and “st” refer to C-dots (or C-onions) and the reference fluorophore, respectively. Quinine sulphate dissolved in 0.1 M H2SO4 (n = 1.33) with a quantum yield of 0.54 at λex = 350 nm was used as a reference. C-dots and C-onions were dissolved in Milli-Q water (n = 1.33).
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