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64 protocols using aa240

1

Characterization of Cr(III) Precipitation

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The phase formation
and the precipitated product of Cr(III) were identified by powder
XRD analysis at room temperature using an X-ray diffractometer (Bruker
D8 Advanced) with Cu Kα radiation in the scan range of 10–70°.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis (JASCO FT-IR 4100) was
carried out using the KBr pellet technique. UV–vis spectra
and UV–vis–near-infrared absorption characteristics
were obtained using a Jasco spectrophotometer (model V-560). Atomic
absorption spectroscopic analysis of the filtrate was carried out
using Varian AA240.
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2

Xenopus Oocyte Assay for KCC1 and KCC3

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Synthetic genes for KCC1 and KCC3 variants with N‐terminal HA‐tag were cloned into pPOL vector for in␣vitro transcription (Marcoux et␣al,2019 (link)). Defolliculated stage V–VI Xenopus laevis oocytes were microinjected with 50 ng cRNA and maintained in Barth medium for 3 days at 18°C in the presence of 1.5 mM furosemide. Water‐injected oocytes were used as controls. Before the transport assay, furosemide was removed through several washes in plain Barth medium. Carrier activity was assessed at room temperature through Rb+ influx assays under isotonic and hypotonic conditions, i.e. by incubating oocytes for 1 h in a hypotonic solution (125 mOsM) or in an isotonic solution (200 mOsM) and reincubating them afterwards for 45 min in an isotonic salt‐added physiological solution (7 mM Rb+, 86 mM Cl) in the presence or absence of 1.5 mM furosemide. At the end of flux assays, oocytes were washed several times in a refrigerated Rb+‐free solution, lysed in pure nitric acid and assayed for Rb+ content (1 oocyte/sample) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Varian AA240). Transport data for oocytes are expressed in this work as mean (± SE) background‐subtracted transport rates in 10 oocytes among 3–6 experiments.
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3

Silver Emission from Ag/Cu-CTS Composites

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Samples of 5, 10, and 15 g of Ag/Cu-CTS composite particles were placed in a washing machine. Discharge samples were obtained from the water outlet when a standard laundering program was completed. Silver emission in outlet wastewater was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-240, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA).
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4

Mineral Content Analysis of Barley Flour

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The mineral content of the barley flour was ascertained by employing the wet digestion method proposed by AOAC (2006). For which, 0.5 g premixed sample was first digested at 60–70°C, by using HNO3 (10 ml) in a conical flask for 20 min on a hot plate. Then, redigestion was performed at 190°C by employing 5 ml HClO4 (60%) until the flask appeared transparent. Further, the digested samples were poured into the volumetric flasks (100 ml volume), and then, the volume was adjusted with double distilled water followed by filtration The filtered solution was investigated by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 240 Varian, Australia). Standards of known concentrations were first to run for each mineral, and a standard curve was plotted. The mineral contents of the samples were calculated by employing the respective standard curve prepared for each element. All samples were tested for sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron content with a flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Sherwood Flame Photometer 410), as described by AOAC (2006).
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5

Atomic Absorption Analysis of Silk Fiber

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The total content of silver in the fibers was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240, Varian Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The silk fibers were digested with 70% nitric acid and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
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6

Calcium Content in Femur Analysis

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After being dried, a 100 mg femur was dissolved in 7 mL of 16 mol/L HNO3 to determine calcium content by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AA-240, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The atomic absorbance was monitored at 422.7 nm, and the Ca content in the femur was expressed on a mg/g dry basis [20 (link)].
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7

Hydrogel Stability Characterization

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One hundred μl of 5% w/v hydrogels (n = 5) of FD, and 10, 15, 25, 40 mol% FD-RGD and FD-RGD hydrogels were prepared as described above with cell growth medium as a solvent (instead of 0.1 mM NaOH). Growth medium contains: DMEM with F-12 (GIBCO, Carlsbad, CA), 10% fetal calf serum (Biological Industries, Beit-Haemek, Israel), 0.3 g L−1 gentamicin (GIBCO) and 1% penstrep (Biological Industries). Noteworthy, the medium comes with a concentration of 1 mM calcium ions. Hydrogels were characterized for their overall stability after three days incubation using two parameters: (1) Ca2+ concentration remaining within the hydrogel and (2) percentage of peptide released from the hydrogel. The Ca2+ concentration in the medium was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Varian, AA240, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and the concentration in the hydrogels was calculated based on the initial Ca2+ in these hydrogels that was 20.8 mM. The peptide released from the hydrogels to the serum supplemented medium was measured by absorbance at 258 nm using a microplate-reader (BioTek instruments). The peptide concentration was determined based on a calibration curve of FD peptide prepared in this medium (ESI Fig. S2).
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8

Determination of Ion Concentrations in Plant Tissues

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Shoot samples were harvested from the seedlings treated with 300 mM or 1 M NaCl for 0 h and 24 hours, and dried at 80°C to constant weight in an oven. Then the dried tissues were ground into fine powder. Tissue powders (0.1g) were mixed with 10 mL HNO3 (8 M) and incubated at 150°C for 6 h. Three biologically independent replicates were prepared. Then, K+ and Na+ concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240; Varian Medical Systems, USA).
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9

Leaf Mineral Content Analysis

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The fresh weight (FW) of each plant was measured immediately after harvesting, and the dry weight (DW) was determined after drying at 80 °C until the weight was maintained. Tissue water content (TWC) was calculated according to the following formula: (FW − DW)/FW × 100%. Each measurement was conducted five times for each treatment group.
To determine the potassium and sodium contents of the leaves, leaf samples were dried for 15 min at 105 °C. The samples were then dried in an 80 °C oven until a constant weight was maintained for each leaf. Then, dried leaves were ashed in an oven at 500 °C and extracted with HNO3. Ion contents of the leaves were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA).
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10

Quantifying Copper in Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

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The amount of copper
present in the doped HAP NPs was determined using an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer (AA240-Varian Inc.).
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