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15 protocols using coolpix 5000

1

Taxonomy and Biogeography of the D. frontalis Complex

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More than 1,500 specimens of the D. frontalis complex species from 60 geographic locations in northern Mexico were reviewed; D. brevicomis was present in 31 of these locations (Table 1). The samples were collected directly from infested trees or donated by federal institutions: Comisión Nacional Forestal in Chihuahua, Durango, and Jalisco; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) campus in Aguascalientes; Laboratorio de Análisis de Referencia en Sanidad Forestal del INIFAP; Colección Científica de Entomología Forestal, División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; and Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad y Cultura Ambiental de la Ciudad de Mexico.
D. frontalis complex species were identified following Armendáriz-Toledano and Zúñiga (2017) . Specimens were sexed by the presence of frontal tubercles and stridulatory apparatus in males (Lyon 1958 , Wood 1982 ). Male genitalia were removed from specimens and cleared according to Armendáriz-Toledano et al. (2014b) . The seminal rod was separated from the genitalia, and both structures were semipermanently mounted on the same slide in glycerol and photographed in lateral view using a Nikon Coolpix 5000 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) camera on a phase contrast microscope (400×).
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2

Migratory Potential of U87 and U87-TxR Cells

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The migratory potential of U87 and U87-TxR cell lines was evaluated by the wound healing assay. Cells were seeded in 24-well cell culture plates (50,000 cells per well) and grown overnight. After reaching confluence, a uniform wound was scratched into a monolayer of each well with a sterile 200 μL micropipette tip. Next, medium was replaced and cells were treated with 5 µM Si306 or pro-Si306. Immediately after treatment, cells were imaged by Nikon Eclipse TS100 microscope equipped with a Nikon Coolpix 5000 camera (Nikon Instruments Inc., Amstelveen, Netherlands). Wound closure was monitored 24 h after wounding. First, cells were washed in PBS and fixed in 4% PFA for 30 min. Cells were then incubated with 1% crystal violet in 2% ethanol for 30 min, subsequently washed in PBS and imaged. The captured images were analyzed by ImageJ software to measure the degree of closure of the wounded area.
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3

Histological Evaluation of Bone Formation

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Each specimen was fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution at least 72 h. For a dehydration procedure, TBD-2 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used and embedded in paraffin. Serial cross-sections (4 μm) were cut through the larger diameter of the defect and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The HE stains revealed the cellular reactions indicating bone formation. The slides were photographed with the use of a virtual slide system (Nikon Eclipse E-400, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan and Nikon Coolpix 5000, Tokyo, Japan). The images were analyzed by Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 image analysis program (Clemex Technologies, Quebec, Canada). Newly formed bone area, osteoblast, and osteoclast numbers were evaluated [Figures 3 and 4].
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4

Evaluating Lens Transparency in Mice

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Freshly enucleated eyes of wild-type (WT) and ephrin-A5−/− mice of both genders at age 2–21 weeks were collected in DMEM plus 10% fetal bovine serum culture medium. Each pairs of the lenses were removed, immersed in the medium or PBS at RT, examined and documented for lens transparency under a dissecting microscopy system (Nikon SMZ800, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a lens collecting glass (painted black) and a digital camera (Nikon Coolpix5000, Tokyo, Japan) modified from the original design by Kuck (Kuck et al., 1981 (link)). This modified microscopy system was enhanced with a high resolution objective lens and better light source (FS1000 Micro-Lite fluorescent electronic ring illuminator with new glare free “full spectrum” FS150 bulb, TEquipment.net, Long Branch, NJ) for capturing contrasted images. Lenses were then fixed immediately for the various experiments described below. Our early studies have examined the effects of BFSP2 (CP49/phakinin) mutation on ephrin-A5−/− cataract formation and found no additional contribution by this mutation (Son et al., 2013 (link)). The animals were treated in accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Resolution on the Use of Animals in Research.
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5

Human Leukemia Cell Morphology Analysis

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Bone marrow or spleen cells were prepared from leukemic hu-mice and GFP+ human leukemia cells were purified by cell sorting, suspended in PBS, and centrifuged (130 g for 5 min) onto glass slides using a Cytospin centrifuge (Shandon). The slides were stained with the DipQuick Stain Kit (modified Wright Giemsa staining) from Jorgensen Laboratories. Tissues from leukemic hu-mice were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Stained slides were examined under a Zeiss microscope and photographed using a Nikon Coolpix 5000 digital color camera.
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6

Analyzing Rhizobium Infection and Nodulation in Transgenic Plant Roots

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Transgenic roots expressing red fluorescent protein (TdTomato from vector pH7WG2tdT) were selected as described above. These roots were transferred to pots with vermiculite and inoculated with R. tropici–GUS to analyze IT progression, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. Infection events were analyzed in the control and PvADFE transgenic roots under a Zeiss Axioskop light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) equipped with a ×63 objective. Images were captured by a Nikon Coolpix 5000 camera with a UR-E6 adapter and an MDC lens attached to the microscope. GUS activity was analyzed according to the method of Jefferson [79 (link)]. Images of nodulated transgenic roots at 7, 14, 21, and 30 dpi stained with GUS were taken using a Perfection 4490 scanner (Epson) and captured in TIFF format at a resolution of 6108 × 6108 pixels. Nodule diameter was measured using ImageJ 1.48 (US National Institutes of Health) and classified according to their diameter (d) into four groups: Group I (d < 0.5 mm), Group II (0.5 < d ≤ 1.0 mm), Group III (1.0 < d ≤ 1.5 mm), and Group IV (1.5 < d < 2.0 mm). The number of nodules was counted manually at 21 and 30 dpi.
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7

Thymus Histology of FoxN1MycTg Mice

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Thymi were harvested from adult FoxN1MycTg mice, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (ThermoFisher Scientific), and mounted in paraffin. Five- to eight-micrometer sections were cut and stained with H&E (performed by an NIH core facility). The central sections were imaged using a Leica MZ125 microscope and a Nikon Coolpix 5000 camera.
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8

Exogenous NO Modulates Protonema Growth

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To analyze the effect of exogenous NO on P. patens protonema growth, pieces of protonema were taken from plants cultivated for seven days. The protonema pieces were transferred to fresh Knop medium (untreated control) or to the same medium supplemented with different concentrations of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), with or without the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyde-oxyl-3-oxyde (cPTIO). The plants were grown for seven days under the treatments, changed every day to fresh medium with fresh treatments. The Petri dishes with the protonema cultures were photographed at the beginning and end of the experiment (days 0 and 7) with a Nikon Coolpix 5000 camera.
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9

Microscopic Analysis of Wound Tissue

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At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the wound tissues were excised. Stained specimens were investigated by a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. For each specimen, the same area was photographed using a Nikon Coolpix 5000 photograph attachment.
The photograph of Nikon micrometer microscope slide was also taken during the procedure. All photographs were then transferred into PC environment and analyzed using Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 Image analysis program (Clemex Technologies, Quebec, Canada) (Fig. 2). The length was calibrated by comparing the photograph of specimen with the photograph of Nikon micrometer microscope slide, which was taken under the same magnification. 7,924,450.5 µm2 areas was designated with using Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 image analysis program; then, vessels, fibroblasts, collagen fiber, and lymphocytes were marked with the same Image analysis program in 7,924,450.5 µm2 area. Damaged cells were not evaluated. The marked cells were counted automatically with the same program. The obtained data were recorded for statistical analysis.
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10

Histological Analysis of Decalcified Tissue

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Decalcified tissue sections were stained using HE. These sections were then observed under an optical microscope (OLYMPUS BX43, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and 10 high-power fields (×400) of each slice were selected and photographed using a digital camera (COOLPIX 5000, Nikon) and image analysis was conducted.
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