Dmx 400 mhz spectrometer

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra of PZL and PCPZL were collected at room temperature using a Bruker DMX 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) using deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d₆) as the solvent. The molecular weight parameters of the polymers were analyzed using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system from Waters (Milford, CT, USA), which consisted of a Waters 515 HPLC pump and a Waters 2414 refractive index detector. The samples were analyzed using dimethylformamide (DMF) as the eluent and linear poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the calibration standard.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed with a FEI Tecnai TF20 TEM instrument at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Samples were prepared by evaporating a drop of dilute GNR solutions in chloroform onto carbon-coated copper TEM grids (400 mesh, TED PELLA, Inc.), which were allowed to dry for 24 h prior to imaging. Freeze-fracture TEM (FF-TEM) images were obtained either on a FEI Tecnai TF30 ST TEM instrument at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV or a JEOL JEM-100S at 100 kV. The FF-TEM samples, replicas of fractured surfaces of the LC-GNR composites, were prepared following a procedure described elsewhere^{51 (link)}. UV-Vis absorption and solution circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry measurements were done using an OLIS spectrophotometer (1 cm path length quartz cuvettes). ¹H NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl₃ on a Bruker DMX 400 MHz spectrometer and referenced internally to residual solvent peaks at 7.26 ppm. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations of the induced chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*-LCs) were recorded and photographed using an Olympus BX-53 polarizing microscope equipped with a Linkam LTS420E heating/cooling stage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed using a Pyris 1 DSC instrument (Perkin Elmer). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using a TGA Q500 (TA Instruments).

Gastrocnemius supernatants were transferred to 5‐mm NMR tubes and ³¹P‐NMR spectra were collected at a frequency of 162 MHz on a Bruker 400 MHz DMX Spectrometer. Two thousand four hundred scans were collected for each spectrum using a 45° excitation pulse with a 0.6 sec relaxation delay, resulting in a total acquisition time of 30 min. The relative peak areas of α‐, β‐, and γ‐ATP, PCr, P_i, and P‐GPA were integrated using Xwin‐NMR software, and relative amounts of each compound were determined from the relative peak area.