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Gr 25 11

Manufactured by Biodiagnostic
Sourced in Egypt

The GR 25 11 is a laboratory equipment designed for general research and diagnostic applications. It serves as a core functional unit for various laboratory processes. The device specifications and technical details are available upon request.

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11 protocols using gr 25 11

1

Oxidative and Inflammatory Markers in Heart Tissues

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Homogenization of heart tissues was carried out in a 10-fold volume of ice-cooled phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (ice-cooled, pH 7.4). Following centrifugation at 10,000× g for 20 min and 4 °C, the supernatant was then collected for analysis of oxidative and inflammatory markers. ELISA kits were used in the assessment of the hearts’ content of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) (Cat. No. MD 2529, GR 2511, SD 2521, and CA 2517, Biodiagnostic, Giza, Egypt, respectively), and protein carbonyl, interlukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (Cat. No. ab238536, ab234570, and ab100785, Abcam, Cambridge, UK, respectively).
Nuclear fractions of tissue homogenates were obtained using NE-PER nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction kit (Cat. No. 78833, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Protein content of the nuclear extracts was determined, and a volume equivalent to 80 μg was employed in the assessment of the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB p65 using NF-κB p65 ELISA Kit (Cat. No. ab133112, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Results are expressed as fold change of control.
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2

Quantifying Oxidative Stress Markers

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Pancreatic homogenate was used to determine MDA, CAT enzyme and GSH.36–38 (link) Using kits; (Biodiagnostic, Egypt, Catalog numbers: MD 2529, CA 2517, and GR 2511), respectively. The oxidative stress indicators were expressed in terms of their corresponding units/mg protein.
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3

Spectrophotometric Assessment of MDA and GSH

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Pancreatic homogenate samples were used for the spectrophotometric assessment of the malondialdehyde (MDA) (a lipid peroxidation end product) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels by commercially available kits (MD 25 29 and GR 25 11, respectively Bio-diagnostic co., Giza, Egypt) following the instructions of the manufacturer27 (link).
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4

Gastric Tissue MDA and GSH Analysis

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For the determination of gastric tissue MDA and GSH, 0.1 g of gastric tissue was homogenized in 0.9 mLs of cold PBS (pH 7.4) to yield 10% tissue homogenates. Next, the centrifugation of homogenates was done for 15 min at 4000 rpm and 4 °C. Then the supernatants were used to determine MDA and GSH by spectrophotometric method using commercially available kits (Catalogue Nos. MD 25 29 and GR 25 11, respectively) provided by Biodiagnostics, Egypt, and in accordance with the instructions given by the manufacturer as mentioned by Kei [23 (link)] and Beutler et al. [24 (link)]. The method provided by Lowry et al. was used to estimate total protein [25 (link)]. MDA and GSH levels were normalized to protein content in each sample and represented as nmole/mg protein and mmole/mg protein, respectively.
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5

Quantifying Antioxidant Biomarkers in Tissues

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The lungs and testes samples were perfused in PBS solution (pH 7.4, with heparin added) to eliminate red blood cells (RBCs) or clots, then homogenized in cold buffer (pH 7.5, 50 mM potassium phosphate and 1 mM EDTA) using a glass tissue homogenizer. The homogenate was subjected to centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 20 min, and the supernatant was kept at – 80 °C to measure MDA35 (link) (MD 25 29; Biodiagnostic, Dokki, Giza, Egypt) and GSH36 (link) (GR 25 11; Biodiagnostic, Dokki, Giza, Egypt) levels.
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6

Serum Kidney Function Indices and Oxidative Markers

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Serum kidney function indices, including urea (Fawcett and Scott,1960) [28 (link)], creatinine (Larsen, 1972) [29 (link)], uric acid (Barham and Trinder, 2009) [30 (link)], total protein (Rheinhold, 1953) [31 ], albumin (Doumas et al., 1971) [32 (link)], calcium (Kessler and Wolfman, 1964) [33 (link)], phosphorus (El-merzabani et al., 1977) [34 (link)], potassium (Sunderman, 1958) [35 (link)], and sodium (Henry et al., 74) [36 ], were assessed using commercial kits from Salucea Co., Netherlands. MDA levels were determined according to the method of Satoh, 2022 [38 ], while CAT and GSH were analyzed following the method outlined by Luck, 1978 and Sedlak & Lindsay, 1968 [39 (link), 40 ], respectively. These analyses utilized a commercially available colorimetric kit (Biodiagnostics, Egypt; catalog no. MD 25 29, CA 25 17, and GR 25 11) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Optical density measurements for all parameters were conducted using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2401 PC, Australia).
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7

Assessing Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress

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The activity of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum samples was measured by method according to Nishi­kimi et al. [34 (link)]. Serum reduced glutathione (GSH) was also measured using commercial test kit (Biodiagnostic, Egypt, Catalog number: GR 2511), and as per manufacturer’s instructions. Level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by a thiobarbituric acid reaction [35 (link)].
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8

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Liver

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The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was estimated using the thiobarbituric acid method as previously described [33 (link)]. Liver glutathione was estimated using a colorimetric kit (Biodiagnostics, Egypt; catalog no. GR 25 11) according to the method of Beutler et al. [34 (link)]. Superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity was determined using a colorimetric assay kit (Sigma-Aldrich, USA; catalog no. CS0009, lot no. 0000143658), which is based on the method of McCord and Fridovich (1969) [35 (link)].
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9

Oxidative Stress Markers in Cholestasis

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To evaluate the oxidative stress markers in cholestatic groups with or without vincamine treatment, hepatic tissue activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated utilizing (#SD2521, Biodiagnostic, Gizza Egypt), (#GR2511, Biodiagnostic, Gizza Egypt), (#MD2529, Biodiagnostic, Gizza Egypt), respectively.
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10

Liver Tissue Biochemical Analysis

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Liver tissue was homogenized with ice cold saline. The homogenate of the liver was divided into three aliquots. The first aliquot was deproteinized with ice cold 12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) followed by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. GSH was detected in the resulting supernatant by a colorimetric kit (GR2511) (Bio-diagnostics, Egypt). The second aliquot was used to prepare a cytosolic fraction of the liver by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. The clear supernatant representing the cytosolic fraction was used for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by colorimetric methods (Cat. No. MD2529, CA2517 and SD2521, respectively) (Bio-diagnostics, Giza, Egypt). The third aliquot was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. Resulting supernatant was used to determine TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the liver tissue by ELISA (Cat. No. MBS2507393 and MBS175908, respectively) (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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