Ethanol

Nimodipine (NiM) was received as a gift sample from Hetero laboratories, Mumbai, India. Carbopol 934 and ethanol were obtained from SD fine chemicals, Mumbai, India. Propylene glycol (PG) and soy lecithin (SL) from Research lab fine chemical industries. All other chemicals were used as received and they were of reagent grade. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Nizam Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India (Ref. No. I/IAEC/NIPRC/012/2022), accepted studies using animals.

The chemicals used in this research work such as Ethanol, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Acetyl Salicylic acid and Allopurinol were purchased from SD Fine Chemicals Ltd. DPPH, Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂), Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (pH=7.4), MEthanol, and Xanthine oxidase were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.

AR grade solvents petroleum ether, ethanol, hexane, and chloroform were purchased from S D fine-chemicals limited (SDFCL), Mumbai. HPLC grade of Toluene, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and acetic acid were purchased from RANKEM Thane, Maharashtra. TLC silica gel 60 F254 aluminum sheets 20×20 cm was purchased from Merck Analytical chromatography, Germany. AR grade concentrated sulphuric acid (assay 98%) and glacial acetic acid were purchased from SDFCL, Mumbai. Vanillin powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Additional all the chemicals used were analytical grade obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) and E-Merck (Mumbai, India).

Repaglinide was procured as gift sample from Torrent Pharmaceuticals, Ahmadabad, India. Ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl mEthylcellulose (5 and 100 cps) were purchased from Himedia Chemicals, India. Analytical grade ethanol, dichloromethane, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were purchased from SD fine chemicals Mumbai, India. All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Aluminum chloride, ascorbic acid, chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, gallic acid, glacial acetic acid, hexane, hydrogen peroxide, α-naphthol, petroleum ether, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, sodium bicarbonate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and vanillin were procured from SD Fine Chemicals Limited, Mumbai, India. Acetone, hydrochloric acid, methanol, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid were acquired from Spectrum Chemical Private Limited, Cochin. Acetic anhydride, Dragendorff reagent, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, lead acetate, Mayer's reagent Sodium nitrate, and Wagner's reagent were purchased from MERCK Specialties Private Limited, Mumbai. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was procured from SISCO Research Laboratories, Maharashtra, India. Tris base was from NR Chemicals Private Limited, Mumbai, India. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was bought from Loba Chemie Private Limited, Mumbai, India. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.