Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) is a cell culture medium that provides nutrients and growth factors essential for the in vitro cultivation of various cell types. It is a widely used basal medium that supports the growth and maintenance of a broad range of mammalian cell lines.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ssoadvanced universal sybr green supermix, by Bio-Rad (3 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by American Type Culture Collection (3 mentions) Heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, by Avantor (3 mentions) Alamar blue, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Trypsin edta solution, by American Type Culture Collection (3 mentions) Cell culture flasks, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (3 mentions) Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions) Human apoptosis pcr array sab target list h96, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Avantor (2 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 96 well tissue culture plate, by Corning (1 mentions) Cytation 5 multi mode reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Tryptose phosphate broth, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lc ms grade formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Sequencing grade trypsin, by Promega (1 mentions) Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Iodoacetamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

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DMEM medium (5 citations)

8 protocols using dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

Apoptosis Evaluation in Cell Cultures

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RA (purity ≥98%) and Alamar Blue® (a solution of resazurin fluorescence dye) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trypsin-EDTA solution, penicillin/streptomycin, and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). An Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit Plus (cat. no. 68FT-Ann VP-S) was purchased from RayBiotech (Norcross, GA, USA). Propidium Iodide Flow Cytometry Kit (cat. No. ab139418) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). A DNA-free™ kit (cat. no. AM1907) was purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). An iScript™ cDNA Synthesis kit (cat. no. 170–8890), SsoAdvanced™ Universal SYBR® Green Supermix, and the Human Apoptosis PCR array (SAB Target List) H96 were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Cell culture flasks were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Cell culture plates were purchased from Thermo USA Scientific (Ocala, FL, USA).

Messeha S.S., Zarmouh N.O., Asiri A, & Soliman K.F. (2020). Rosmarinic acid-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells. European journal of pharmacology, 885, 173419.

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Apoptosis Pathway Analysis in Cell Lines

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TQ (purity ≥ 99%, cat # MKCC0600) and Alamar Blue^® (a resazurin fluorescence dye solution) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trypsin-EDTA solution, penicillin/streptomycin, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). An Annexin VFITC Apoptosis Detection Kit Plus (cat. no. 68FT-Ann VP-S) was purchased from RayBiotech (Norcross, GA, USA). Propidium Iodide Flow Cytometry Kit (cat. no. ab139418) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). A DNA-free™ kit (cat. no. AM1907) was purchased from Life Technologies, Inc. (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). An iScript™ cDNA Synthesis kit (cat. no. 170-8890), SsoAdvanced™ Universal SYBR^® Green Supermix, and the Human Apoptosis PCR array (Cat. no. 10034106) H96 were purchased from BioRad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Cell culture flasks were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Cell culture plates were purchased from Thermo USA Scientific (Ocala, FL, USA).

Adinew G.M., Messeha S.S., Taka E., Badisa R.B., Antonie L.M, & Soliman K.F. (2022). Thymoquinone Alterations of the Apoptotic Gene Expressions and Cell Cycle Arrest in Genetically Distinct Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients, 14(10), 2120.

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Cell Culture Protocol for Liver and Skin Cell Lines

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Cells were seeded at 1×10⁴ per well in 12-well plates and grown to confluence for 24 hours. HepG2 (10% FBS), A-431 (10% FBS) and LX-2 cells (2% FBS) were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (VWR, Radnor, PA) supplemented with fetal bovine serum and 1% antimycotic/antibiotic solution (Mediatech, Manassas, VA). AML-12 cells were grown in 1:1 DMEM/F12 media (VWR Radnor, PA) supplemented with ITS Universal Culture Supplement Premix (VWR Radnor, PA), dexamethasone (40 ng/ml), 1% antimycotic/antibiotic solution (Mediatech, Manassas, VA) and 10% fetal bovine serum (VWR Radnor, PA). The cells were incubated in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere and 95% humidity at 37° and sub-cultured every 2 days.
HepG2 cells are a male human hepatoblastoma cell line. AML-12 cells are mouse hepatocytes derived from a male transgenic mouse that expresses human TGFα. The A-431 cell line is a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line derived from a female patient. LX-2 cells are a human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line used for studying liver fibrosis and HSC activation.

Hardesty J.E., Wahlang B., Falkner K.C., Shi H., Jin J., Zhou Y., Wilkey D.W., Merchant M.L., Watson C.T., Feng W., Morris A.J., Hennig B., Prough R.A, & Cave M.C. (2019). Proteomic analysis reveals novel mechanisms by which polychlorinated biphenyls compromise the liver promoting diet-induced steatohepatitis. Journal of proteome research, 18(4), 1582-1594.

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Biochemical Analysis of Gold(III) Chloride

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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, glutathione, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and fetal bovine serums (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Trypsin was obtained from Genesee. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) was purchased from VWR. All chemical reagents were of analytical grade and were directly used without further purification. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ Millipore) was used in all experiments.

Ju E., Li T., da Silva S.R, & Gao S.J. (2019). Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Efficient Delivery of Cas9 Protein through pH-Induced Assembly-Disassembly for Inactivation of Virus Oncogenes. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 11(38), 34717-34724.

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Apoptosis Evaluation in Cell Cultures

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Evaluating Phytochemical Effects on Chicken Embryo Cells

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ATCC CRL-1590 chicken embryo cells were grown and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; VWR Life Science, NY, United States) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, United States) and 5% tryptose phosphate broth (Sigma-Aldrich). The effect of phytochemicals on the viability of chicken embryo cells was determined using alamarBlue assay as described previously (Wagle et al., 2020a (link)). Briefly, cells were cultured in 96-well tissue culture plates (Costar) at ∼10⁵ cells per well to form a monolayer at 37°C in a humidified, 5% CO₂ incubator for 24 h. The monolayer was washed three times and treated with DMSO in DMEM, or ethanol in DMEM, or phytochemicals at SIC in DMEM or DMEM (control) for 2 h. Negative controls without chicken embryo cells containing DMEM were also included. AlamarBlue reagent was added to each well, including blanks and negative controls, and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. The fluorescence was read before and after incubation using Cytation 5 multimode reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, United States) at 560/590 nm (excitation/emission).

Wagle B.R., Donoghue A.M, & Jesudhasan P.R. (2021). Select Phytochemicals Reduce Campylobacter jejuni in Postharvest Poultry and Modulate the Virulence Attributes of C. jejuni. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 725087.

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Synthesis of Glycosylated Peptides for O-GlcNAc Analysis

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (98%, TEOS), toluene, ammonium hydroxide solution (28.0-30.0%), formaldehyde solution (ACS reagent, 37 wt. % in H2O), α-crystallin, dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide, PUGNAC, and ammonium formate solution (NH₄FA, Bioultra, 10 M) and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (3APMS) were ordered from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Thiamet G was obtained from Cayman Chemicals. Trypsin (sequencing grade) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and hydrogen peroxide solution (30%) were obtained from VWR chemicals. α2-3,6,8 Neuraminidase, O-Glycosidase, and PNGase F were purchased from NEB (Beverly, MA). The midi S-Trap columns were purchased from Protifi (Huntington, NY). Three O-GlcNAc peptides were custom synthesized by AnaSpec, Inc. (Fremont, CA): peptide #1: YSPT(O-GlcNAc)SPSK, MW 1069.5048; peptide #2: TAPTS(O-GlcNAc)TIAPG, MW 1118.5576; peptide #3: YSPT(O-GlcNAc)S(O-GlcNAc)SPSK, MW 1359.6162. Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA, >99.5%), LC/MS grade formic acid (FA) and acetonitrile (ACN) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).

Wu C., Shi S., Hou C., Luo Y., Byers S, & Ma J. (2022). Design and preparation of novel nitro-oxide-grafted nanospheres with enhanced hydrogen bonding interaction for O-GlcNAc analysis. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 14(42), 47482-47490.

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Nanoparticle-based Targeted Drug Delivery

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L-α-phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated (Soy) (HSPC); 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC); 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG-2000); 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (Mal-PEG-2000); Cholesterol (CHO); 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) (DOTAP); and dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB) were purchased from Avanti Polar- lipids Inc. (Birmingham, AL, USA). DOX-NP (liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin) was purchased from Avanti Polar- lipids Inc. (Birmingham, AL, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from VWR International (Texas, USA). Penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin antibiotics and fetal bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Gibco, Invitrogen Corp. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Aptamers-A6 and GFP-aptamers were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). SKBR3, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were bought from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were supplied by Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Chowdhury N., Chaudhry S., Hall N., Olverson G., Zhang Q.J., Mandal T., Dash S, & Kundu A. (2020). Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Liposomes for Her-2+ Breast Cancer Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech, 21(6), 202.

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