Aniline (Wako, Osaka, Japan) and water were distilled prior to use. Sulfuric acid (Nacalaitesque, Kyoto, Japan) and ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS; Kanto Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) were used as received. A 1% cedar-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) suspension was provided by Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan [20 (link)]).
Sulfuric acid
Manufactured by Nacalai Tesque
Sourced in Japan
Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive and dense liquid chemical compound. It is composed of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Sulfuric acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications due to its strong acidic properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Qubit 2.0 fluorometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Aniline, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ammonium peroxodisulfate, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Ammonium molybdate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Qubit protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Deuterium oxide, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
Powerwave ht microplate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Illustra gfx pcr dna and gel band purification kit, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ex taq hs, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Imark microplate reader, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
2 hydroxy 2 methylpropiophenone hmpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride dihydrate, by Nacalai Tesque (1 mentions)
7 protocols using sulfuric acid
1
Purification of Aniline and Water
2
Quantification of Antioxidant Capacity in Larval Fluids
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For the quantitative determination of the antioxidant capacity of larval body fluids, a spectrophotometric method based on the molybdenum (Mo) blue reaction was employed as previously described (Prieto et al. 1999 (link)). The assay is based on the reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) by the sample analyte and the subsequent formation of a blue-colored phosphate/Mo(V) complex at acidic pH. Larval bodies of control (w1118/Y) and Gclc46/Y second-instar larvae (48 hr AEL) were severed on parafilm, followed by dropping 20 μl distilled water on 40 dissected larvae. Ten microliters of the body-fluid–water mixture was taken and mixed with 100 μl of reagent solution [1.3% ammonium molybdate (Sigma), 0.02% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (Wako), and 1.4 M sulfuric acid (Nacalai Tesque)]. The samples were incubated in a thermal block at 95° for 90 min. After the samples cooled to room temperature, their absorbance was measured at 695 nm against a blank. As a series (0–100 mg/ml) of solutions of L(+)-ascorbic acid (Nacalai Tesque) were used as the standard, the antioxidant capacity was expressed in ascorbic acid equivalents. Values of antioxidant capacity were also normalized by the amount of protein in larval body fluids, measured by the Bradford protein assay (Bradford 1976 (link)) with a Qubit protein assay kit and a Qubit 2.0 fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
3
Particleboard Production Using Wattle Tannin
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Wattle tannin (commercial name: tannic acid ME) was purchased from the Fuji Chemical Industry Co. (Wakayama, Japan). Sucrose (guaranteed reagent) and sulfuric acid were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan) and Wako pure chemical industries Ltd. (Kyoto, Japan), respectively. Tannin and Sucrose were used without further purification, but were dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 15 h. The wood particles were screened by a sieving machine to collect particle sizes in the range of 0.9 to 5.9 mm. Before particleboard manufacturing, the particles (original moisture content 3‒4 wt %) were dried in an oven at 80 °C for 12 h to a final moisture content of 2 wt %.
4
Fabrication of Optical Microfluidic Devices
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Several ϕ50.0 and 0.7 mm-thick SiO2 (BK7) and IR-grade CaF2 substrates were purchased from OptoSigma (Tokyo, Japan). All substrates were double-side polished to the optical grade. Drilled on the CaF2 substrate were ϕ0.7 mm through-holes at specific positions in advance as inlets and outlets for introducing fluidics. Those holes were also used as markers for position alignment. The SiO2 substrate was cleaned in a piranha solution (H2SO4/H2O2 = 3:1) before fabrication. In the case of CaF2 substrate, the UV/O3 treatment was performed instead of piranha washing. The deposition of SiO2 and MgF2 thin films described in Section 3.2.2 and Section 4.3 , respectively used source materials that were purchased from Furuuchi Chemical Corp. Sulfuric acid, hydrogen perroxide, acetone, and deuterium oxide of special grade were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan).
5
SARS-CoV-2 RBD Immunogenicity ELISA
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To measure the immunogenicity after IM dosing, the antigen-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG), and IgG1 and IgG2a titers were measured by ELISA. In brief, 96-well, half-area plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA) were coated with 1 μg/mL of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) from Pango lineage A, His Tag (multi-angle light scattering verified; ACROBiosystems, Newark, DE, USA) overnight at 4°C. After washing with PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 (PBS-T) (Nacalai Tesque Inc.), the plates were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS-T for 1 hour at RT. Sera were 5-fold serially diluted in the range of 1/100 to 1/7,812,500 with PBS-T containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The samples were incubated for approximately 2 hours at RT, followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG, IgG1, or IgG2a antibody (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA) for approximately 1 hour at RT. TMB Microwell Peroxidase Substrate (KPL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) was added to initiate the color reaction for approximately 5 min at RT. Finally, sulfuric acid (Nacalai Tesque Inc.) was added to stop color development, and the optical density was measured at 450 nm using a PowerWave HT microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).
6
Real-Time qPCR Amplification and Sequencing
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Real expression ratio= (E target ) Ex Taq HS (TaKaRa) using genomic DNA as a template (Table 2.2). PCR reaction conditions were as follows: 98 °C for 5 m, 40 cycles of 98 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 1 m. PCR products were analysed by using 1.5 % agarose gel electrophoresis. Expected bands were isolated from agarose gel and DNA were purified by illustra™GFX™PCR DNA and Gel Band Purification kit (GE Healthcare). Target bands were ligated into pMDV-20 TA cloning vector and inserts were checked by blue white screening using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-Dgalactopyranoside (X-gal). Positive plasmids were sequenced using primers shown in Then, reaction was stopped with 25 μl of 1 M Sulfuric acid (Nacalai). The absorbance at 450 nm was measured by using an iMARK microplate reader (BIO-RAD), and the amount of protein contained in each sample supernatant was calculated using a calibration curve of standard solutions.
7
Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Synthesis
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Cotton-derived fibrous cellulose was obtained by cutting and milling of Whatman filter paper No. 5 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences Corp.). Sulfuric acid (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) and polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular weight = ~20,000, Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd.) were used as received. Monomers, HEMA (Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd.) and AA (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.), were purified by vacuum distillation before use. A photopolymerization initiator, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMPPh; Sigma-Aldrich), and a cross-linking agent, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDM; Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), were used without further purification.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 •2H 2 O) and ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. and used as ion sources for mineralization. A low-molecular-weight PAA (L-PAA; average degree of polymerization (DP) = 25, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a precipitation inhibitor in the salt solution of ion server [25, 37] . Other conventional chemicals were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd. or Nacalai Tesque, Inc. and used as received.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 •2H 2 O) and ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. and used as ion sources for mineralization. A low-molecular-weight PAA (L-PAA; average degree of polymerization (DP) = 25, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a precipitation inhibitor in the salt solution of ion server [25, 37] . Other conventional chemicals were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd. or Nacalai Tesque, Inc. and used as received.
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