The isolation and characterization of L. monocytogenes were carried out according to EN ISO 16140 and UNI EN ISO 11290-1:2005. Briefly, the sponges were resuspended in 100 ml of Half Fraser Broth (HFB) and incubated at 30°C. After 24 h, 1.5 ml of each sample was collected and used for L. monocytogenes detection using the Bio-Rad IQ-Check- L. monocytogenes II kit (Biorad, USA). Positive samples were plated on ALOA agar and on Oxford agar media. A number of five colonies with the typical L. monocytogenes appearance were tested for haemolysis on Blood agar medium and finally tested by Christie Atkins Munch-Petersen test (CAMP test). Positive colonies were confirmed by Bio-Rad IQ-Check- L. monocytogenes II kit (Biorad, USA). Confirmed colonies were stored at −80°C in MicrobankTM (Pro-Lab Diagnostics, US).
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