Lipopolysaccharide lps 055 b5

Chikusetsu saponin IVa (CS) was originally isolated from total saponins of Panax japonicus collected from Enshi Chunmuying Medicinal Materials Planting Base, and identified by professor Kun Zou. CS (purity > 98%) was finally purchased from Chengdu Purechem-Standard Co., Ltd (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). The specimen was maintained in Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development in China Three Gorges University. The chemical structure of CS was shown in Figure1A. ATP, lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(055:B5) and parthenolide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Monosodium urate (MSU) was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences (NY, USA). Primary antibodies against phospho-IκB and Asc were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against Caspase-1, phospho-IKKα/β (Ser176/180), IKKα, phospho-NFκB p65(Ser536) and NFκB p65 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies for IL-1β and NLRP3 were purchased from abcam (Cambridge, UK). The food for the mice was purchased from Beijing HFK Bioscience CO. LTD(Beijing, China). Other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

Eriodictyol (≥98%) was provided by Nanjing Guangrun Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Silibinin (≥98%) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) were provided by Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (055: B5) was bought from Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). The assay kits for ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, CHE, TP, and ALB were supplied by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China), while SOD, MDA, and GSH were provided by Solarbio, (Beijing, China). The tunnel assay kit was purchased from Wuhan Servicebio, (Wuhan, China), and ELISA kits were purchased from FANKEWEI (Shanghai, China) used for measuring mice IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α.