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Paraformaldehyde fixative solution

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Paraformaldehyde fixative solution is a laboratory reagent used for the preservation and fixation of biological samples. It is a concentrated aqueous solution of polymerized formaldehyde, which serves as a cross-linking agent to maintain the structural integrity of cells and tissues. This solution is commonly used in various biological and medical research applications, such as histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.

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Lab products found in correlation

4 hydroxytamoxifen, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Avertin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ethanol corn oil vehicle, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cryostar nx50, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

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Paraformaldehyde solution (155 citations) Paraformaldehyde fixative (2 citations)

4 protocols using paraformaldehyde fixative solution

1

Quantifying Kidney and Cardiac Fibrosis

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Kidney sections and the left ventricle were collected and immersed in paraformaldehyde fixative solution (Sigma-Aldrich®. Burlington, MA, USA). After fixation, the sections were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. From these sections, 5-μm thick histologic slices were obtained and were stained with Sirius Red for collagen determination in the heart and kidney, and Masson Trichrome staining for kidney structure. For the measurement of kidney fibrosis and structure, slides were examined and 10 microphotographs per sample were obtained under a microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at 20× magnification. Injured tubules and glomeruli were counted using ZEN 3.1–Zeiss software (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). A semi-quantitative score was graded from 0 to 4. Renal and LV fibrosis was calculated as a percentage of collagen area to the total area of the image of the staining. All analyses were blinded.
Lima-Posada I., Stephan Y., Soulié M., Palacios-Ramirez R., Bonnard B., Nicol L., Kolkhof P., Jaisser F, & Mulder P. (2023). Benefits of the Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Finerenone in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2536.
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2

Conditional Gene Knockout in Postnatal Mice

Cited 1 time
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Cdh5CreERT2Krit1fl/fl mice were generated by breeding Cdh5CreERT2 and Krit1fl/fl mice as previously reported.14 (link) All mice were maintained on a mixed 129Sv/C57Bl6 background. At 1-day post-birth, 40 μg of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (H7904, Sigma Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) were dissolved in 50 μL of warm 5% ethanol/corn oil vehicle (Sigma Aldrich), and were intragastrically injected into mouse pups using a 30-gauge needle. At 10-day post-birth, 1 mg of Avertin (2, 2, 2-tribromoethanol, Sigma Aldrich) was intraperitoneally injected into mouse pups for anesthesia, followed by an intracardiac perfusion of 8 mL of cold phosphate-buffered saline using a 27-gauge needle. The brains were then surgically removed using a standardized procedure and dropped into a 4% paraformaldehyde fixative solution (Sigma Aldrich). The Cdh5CreERT2 mice were a generous gift from Ralf H. Adams. All procedures were performed in accordance with the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) that approved all animal protocols.
Zeineddine H.A., Girard R., Saadat L., Shen L., Lightle R., Moore T., Cao Y., Hobson N., Shenkar R., Avner K., Chaudager K., Koskimäki J., Polster S.P., Fam M.D., Shi C., Lopez-Ramirez M.A., Tang A.T., Gallione C., Kahn M.L., Ginsberg M., Marchuk D.A, & Awad I.A. (2018). Phenotypic Characterization of Murine Models of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 99(3), 319-330.
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3

Conditional Gene Knockout in Postnatal Mice

Cited 1 time
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Cdh5CreERT2Krit1fl/fl mice were generated by breeding Cdh5CreERT2 and Krit1fl/fl mice as previously reported.14 (link) All mice were maintained on a mixed 129Sv/C57Bl6 background. At 1-day post-birth, 40 μg of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (H7904, Sigma Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) were dissolved in 50 μL of warm 5% ethanol/corn oil vehicle (Sigma Aldrich), and were intragastrically injected into mouse pups using a 30-gauge needle. At 10-day post-birth, 1 mg of Avertin (2, 2, 2-tribromoethanol, Sigma Aldrich) was intraperitoneally injected into mouse pups for anesthesia, followed by an intracardiac perfusion of 8 mL of cold phosphate-buffered saline using a 27-gauge needle. The brains were then surgically removed using a standardized procedure and dropped into a 4% paraformaldehyde fixative solution (Sigma Aldrich). The Cdh5CreERT2 mice were a generous gift from Ralf H. Adams. All procedures were performed in accordance with the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) that approved all animal protocols.
Zeineddine H.A., Girard R., Saadat L., Shen L., Lightle R., Moore T., Cao Y., Hobson N., Shenkar R., Avner K., Chaudager K., Koskimäki J., Polster S.P., Fam M.D., Shi C., Lopez-Ramirez M.A., Tang A.T., Gallione C., Kahn M.L., Ginsberg M., Marchuk D.A, & Awad I.A. (2018). Phenotypic Characterization of Murine Models of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 99(3), 319-330.
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4

Tissue Harvesting and Preservation for Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Analyses

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For immunohistochemical assays, animals were sacrificed by sodium pentobarbital overdose and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS and a 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde fixative solution (Sigma-Aldrich). For quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation and striatal punches were performed using a Harris Core pen with 2.5 mm diameter for tissue harvesting. The brains collected were post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, dehydrated in a 20% sucrose/0.1 M PBS for 48 h and cryoprotected at −80°C. Sagittal or coronal brain sections of 30 and 25 µm thicknesses, respectively, were obtained using the cryostat-microtome model CryoStar NX50 (Thermo Fisher). For preservation, brain sections were stored at 4°C, free-floating in 0.05% (w/v) sodium azide PBS.
Koppenol R., Conceição A., Afonso I.T., Afonso-Reis R., Costa R.G., Tomé S., Teixeira D., da Silva J.P., Côdesso J.M., Brito D.V., Mendonça L., Marcelo A., Pereira de Almeida L., Matos C.A, & Nóbrega C. (2022). The stress granule protein G3BP1 alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia-associated deficits. Brain, 146(6), 2346-2363.
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