Szx11 stereomicroscope

The specimens were mainly collected in Malaise traps, but a few by sweep net. The material was stored in 70% ethanol, prepared with the AXA method (van Achterberg 2009 ; van Achterberg et al. 2010 ) and glued on card points. Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5, mostly to adjust the size and background.
Morphology. For other terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988 , 1993 ), Hong et al. (2011) and Chen et al. (2014) . Measurements were taken as indicated by van Achterberg (1988) . Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between brackets.
Material. Types and other examined specimens are deposited in the Northwest University, Xi’an, NW China (NWUX) and Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH).

The studied material concerns all the Planitorini and Mannokeraiini specimens used for DNA analysis and some additional specimens collected by Dr L. Masner (Ottawa). So far, the specimens have been provisionally identified up to genus level (Belshaw and Quicke 2002 (link), Sharanowski et al. 2011 , and Stigenberg et al. 2015 ). Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5, mostly to adjust the size and background.
Measurements are performed as indicated in van Achterberg (1988) . The length of the first metasomal tergite is measured medially from apex of adductor muscle to apex of tergite. Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between square brackets. The following abbreviations are used for the depositories: ANIC = Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia; CNC = Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada; HIC = Hymenoptera Institute Collection, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA; NHRS = Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Specimens were collected by hand net or with Malaise traps. The studied specimens are deposited in the collections of College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an (NWUX); Northwest A&F University Entomological Museum, Yangling, Shaanxi (NWAY); Zhejiang University Hymenoptera Museum, Hangzhou (ZJUH); General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration, Shenyang (GSFA); American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (RMNH); Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN); and Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg (SDEI).
Morphological terminology follows Carpenter and Cumming (1985) , Yamane (1990) , and Carpenter and Garcete-Barrett (2003) . Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope (NWUX, Xi’an), Olympus SZX 12 stereomicroscope with analySIS Soft Imaging System software (RMNH, Leiden), and Microptics-USA/Visionary Digital photomicrographic system, developed by Roy Larimer, multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus (AMNH, New York).