Methedrone

Chemical standards of α-PVP and methedrone were obtained from Cerilliant (Texas, U.S.) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in methanol, whereas MDPV was purchased from TRC (Toronto, Canada) in neat powder. The internal standard, theophylline, was obtained as powder (anhydrous, >99% pure) from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). Pooled HLM (mix gender, n=200) were purchased from Tebu-bio (Boechout, Belgium). Pooled HLCYT (mix gender, n=200), chemical standards for 2,6-uridinediphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), alamethicin (neat, purity>99%), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS; neat, purity>60%) lithium salt hydrate, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-nitrophenol-glucuronide (4-NP-Gluc; neat, purity>99%), 4-nitrophenol-sulphate (4-NP-Sulf; neat, purity>99%) and NADPH (neat, purity>99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). Baculovirus-insect cell microsomes containing expressed human CYP enzyme (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 or 3A4) coexpressed with human CYP oxidoreductase and human cytochrome b5 were purchased from BD Biosciences (Erembodegem, Belgium) and Tebu-Bio. Ultrapure water was obtained using a Purelab flex water system by Elga (Tienen, Belgium). Acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All organic solvents were HPLC grade or higher.