Penicillin

Manufactured by Euroclone

Sourced in Italy, United Kingdom, United States, France, Germany, Switzerland

Penicillin is a class of antibiotics derived from the Penicillium fungus. It functions by inhibiting the formation of bacterial cell walls, which are essential for the survival and growth of bacteria.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Streptomycin, by Euroclone (402 mentions) L glutamine, by Euroclone (157 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Euroclone (116 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (68 mentions) Glutamine, by Euroclone (54 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Euroclone (45 mentions) Rpmi 1640, by Euroclone (34 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Euroclone (30 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (19 mentions) Trypsin edta, by Euroclone (14 mentions) Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Euroclone (14 mentions) Dmem high glucose, by Euroclone (12 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (12 mentions) Sodium pyruvate, by Euroclone (11 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Euroclone (11 mentions) Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium, by Euroclone (10 mentions) Amphotericin b, by Euroclone (10 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (10 mentions) Macs technology, by Miltenyi Biotec (9 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (9 mentions)

428 protocols using penicillin

Culturing Cancer and Immune Cells

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The human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP (all purchased by ATCC) were maintained in in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), (Euroclone), 2 mM l-Glutamine (Euroclone), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone), at 37°C, 5% CO2. Cells were routinely screened for eventual mycoplasma contaminations. Conditioned media (CM) were collected following 72 hours of starvation in FBS free RMPI 1640 (Life Technologies), supplemented with 1% Glutamine (Euroclone) and 1% P/S (Euroclone), at 37°C, 5% CO2. CMs were used for NK cell polarization as detailed below.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, Lonza) were maintained in endothelial cell basal medium (EBM™, Lonza) supplemented with endothelial cell growth medium (EGM™ SingleQuots™, Lonza), 10% of FBS, 2 mM l-Glutamine (Euroclone), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone). HUVEs were used between the 3-5 passages.
The human monocytic THP-1 cell line (ATCC) was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM l-Glutamine (Euroclone), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone), at 37°C, 5% CO2. Differentiation of adherent THP-1 macrophages was obtained following 48 hours of treatments with phorbol-merystate-acetate (5 ng/mL, PMA, Sigma Aldrich), as in [29] (link).

Baci D., Gallazzi M., Lorenzo M., Bosi A., Buono G., Naselli A., Guarneri A., Dehò F., Capogrosso P., Albini A., Noonan D.M., & Bruno A. (2020). Prostate cancer peripheral blood NK cells show enhanced CD9, CD49a, CXCR4, CXCL8, MMP-9 production, and secrete monocyte-recruiting and polarizing factors.

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Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Culture

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Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were kindly provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA [40 (link)]. HMEC-1 cells were maintained in culture with complete medium composed of MCDB 131 medium (GIBCO-BRL, Scotland) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA), 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), 1 mg/mL hydrocortisone (Sigma Italia, Milan, Italy), 2 mM glutamine (EuroClone, Pero, Italy), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin (EuroClone, Pero, Italy), and 20 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.3 (EuroClone, Pero, Italy).
VERO clone E6 (ATCC CRL-1586™) cells were maintained in culture with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (EuroClone, Pero, Italy) supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum (EuroClone, Pero, Italy), 2 mM glutamine (EuroClone, Pero, Italy), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (EuroClone, Pero, Italy).

Dolci M., Signorini L., D’Alessandro S., Perego F., Parapini S., Sommariva M., Taramelli D., Ferrante P., Basilico N, & Delbue S. (2022). In Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Effect on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Release. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 4063.

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Fabrication and Characterization of PBS Biomaterials

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Poly (1,4-butylene succinate) extended with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (T_m 120 °C) (PBS), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) were purchased from Aldrich Milan, Italy. This merchant specifies only the T_m for PBS, but Fabbri et al. performed a GPC analysis to evaluate the molecular weight (81.2 kDa) [21 (link)].
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, l-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, and amphotericin were purchased from Euroclone group (Milan, Italy).
Porcine bile was extracted from pigs at Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sicilia “A. Mirri,” Palermo, Italy accordingly with European rules on animal experiments.
Human blood was extracted from volunteers upon informed consent and isolated at the University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
NHDF-Ad-Human Dermal Fibroblasts, Adult were obtained from Lonza bioscience and used after 9 doublings. The cell line was grown in a minimum essential medium [Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)] supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 um/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 2.5 μg/mL amphotericin B (all reagents were from Euroclone, Milan, Italy) under standard conditions (95% relative humidity, 5% CO₂, 37 °C).

Miceli G.C., Palumbo F.S., Bonomo F.P., Zingales M, & Licciardi M. (2022). Polybutylene Succinate Processing and Evaluation as a Micro Fibrous Graft for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers, 14(21), 4486.

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Cell Culture Conditions for Hematological Malignancies

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OCI/AML2 and 3 cells were grown in alpha-MEM (Euroclone, Milan, Italy) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 10 µg/mL streptomycin sulfate. Jurkat and HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Euroclone, Milan, Italy); all cells were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, EuroClone, Milan, Italy), L-glutamine (2 mM) (Euroclone, Milan, Italy), penicillin (100 U/mL) and streptomycin (100 mg/mL) (Euroclone, Milan, Italy), and were cultured in a humidified incubator, at 37 °C, in a 5% v/v CO₂ atmosphere. All chemical reagents used for treatments were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise specified.

Lirussi L., Antoniali G., Scognamiglio P.L., Marasco D., Dalla E., D’Ambrosio C., Arena S., Scaloni A, & Tell G. (2020). Cleavage of the APE1 N-Terminal Domain in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Is Associated with Proteasomal Activity. Biomolecules, 10(4), 531.

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Cervical Cancer Cell Line Culture

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SiHa cell line, isolated from squamous cell carcinoma and containing HPV-16 genome (1–2 copies per cell), was obtained from ATCC^® (ATCC^® HTB35™). SiHa cells were cultured in DMEM medium (Euroclone, Pero, Italy) supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal bovine serum), 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin and streptomycin (Euroclone, Pero, Italy).
CaSki cell line, originally isolated from a cervical carcinoma and containing 600 copies of integrated HPV-16, was obtained from BEI-Resource. CaSki cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Euroclone, Pero, Italy) supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal bovine serum), 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin and streptomycin (Euroclone, Pero, Italy).

Nicolò S., Tanturli M., Mattiuz G., Antonelli A., Baccani I., Bonaiuto C., Baldi S., Nannini G., Menicatti M., Bartolucci G., Rossolini G.M., Amedei A, & Torcia M.G. (2021). Vaginal Lactobacilli and Vaginal Dysbiosis-Associated Bacteria Differently Affect Cervical Epithelial and Immune Homeostasis and Anti-Viral Defenses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6487.

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Cell Viability Assay of Compounds 7 and 12a

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The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were cultured in D MEM (Euroclone) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Euroclone), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 U/mL streptomycin (Euroclone) at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The U-343 cell line was cultured in MEM (Euroclone) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Euroclone), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μ/mL streptomycin (Euroclone), 2 mM l-glutamine (Euroclone), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Euroclone), and nonessential amino acids (Euroclone) at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere.
Cell viabilities of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and U-343 cell lines were measured via a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A total of 200 μL of cells seeded in 96-well microtiter plates (4 × 10⁴ cells/mL) were exposed for 24, 48, and 72 h to different concentrations of compounds 7 and 12a, ranging from 50 nM to 50 μM, in media containing 0.5% DMSO. The mitochondrial-dependent reduction of MTT to formazan was used to assess cell viability. Live cells reduce yellow MTT to purple formazan. The resulting formazan was solubilized in DMSO, and absorbance was measured at 550 nm and corrected for 620 nm background. Experiments were performed in quadruplicate and all values are expressed as the percentage of the control containing 0.5% DMSO.

Milite C., Feoli A., Horton J.R., Rescigno D., Cipriano A., Pisapia V., Viviano M., Pepe G., Amendola G., Novellino E., Cosconati S., Cheng X., Castellano S, & Sbardella G. (2019). Discovery of a Novel Chemotype of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase EHMT1/2 (GLP/G9a) Inhibitors: Rational Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Co-crystal Structure. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 62(5), 2666-2689.

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Cultivation of Gastric Cancer Cell Line

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The human gastric cancer cell line AGS was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (CRL-1739; Rockville, MD, USA). AGS cells were cultured in HAM’S F12 medium (Euroclone, Via Figino, Italy) supplemented with l-Glutamine 2 mM, 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Euroclone), 100 U/mL of penicillin, and 100 µg/mL of streptomycin (Euroclone). The human clone hyper-expressing TFF1 under doxycycline induction (AGS-AC1) was selected from the AGS cell line as previously described [36 (link)]. The AGS-AC1 clone was cultured in DMEM medium (Euroclone) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 600 µg/mL of neomycin (Euroclone). TFF1 expression was induced with 1 µg/mL of doxycycline. All cell lines were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere.

Romano E., Vllahu M., Bizzarro V., Belvedere R., Esposito R., Petrella A, & Tosco A. (2018). TFF1 Promotes EMT-Like Changes through an Auto-Induction Mechanism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7), 2018.

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Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cited 1 time

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Hearts were isolated from 40 decapitated 1-to 3-day-old neonatal wild type mice with the atria dissected away were minced and digested with 108 U/ml collagenase type II (Worthington) and 0.9 mg/ml pancreatin (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) to obtain free cells. Myocytes were plated on gelatin-coated dishes overnight in DMEM/medium 199 (4:1) supplemented with 10% horse serum, 5% fetal calf serum, 2 mM l-glutamine (Gibco), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (EuroClone) at a density of 1 × 10⁵ cells/cm². The next day cells were rinsed three times and the plating medium was replaced with serum-free medium consisting only of DMEM/medium 199 (4:1), 2 µM l-glutamine (Gibco), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (EuroClone); 10 µM cytosine-ß-d-furanoarabinoside was added to stop proliferation of non-cardiomyocytes and cultures contained >95% cardiac myocytes^{44 (link)}. Cells were serum starved for 6 h before starting the experiments of co-culture with macrophages.

Milan M., Pace V., Maiullari F., Chirivì M., Baci D., Maiullari S., Madaro L., Maccari S., Stati T., Marano G., Frati G., Puri P.L., De Falco E., Bearzi C, & Rizzi R. (2018). Givinostat reduces adverse cardiac remodeling through regulating fibroblasts activation. Cell Death & Disease, 9(2), 108.

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Cell Culture Techniques for Functional Analyses

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HeLa cells were grown in DMEM (Euroclone) cell culture medium, while CFPAC-1 cells were grown in DMEM-F12 (Euroclone). Cell culture media were supplemented with 10% FBS (ECS5000L Euroclone), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone). Primary fibroblasts were grown in RPMI medium (Euroclone) supplemented with 20% FBS (ECS5000L Euroclone), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone). For sphingolipid transport functional analysis, for autophagic vacuoles detection, and for DENND5B immunolocalization studies, 30 × 10⁵ per well primary fibroblasts derived from affected individuals’ dermal biopsies, HeLa, or CFPAC-1 cells were plated in 96-wells plates (Corning). For CFPAC-1 cells, plates were coated with poly-D-lysine (Merck KGaA) to increase cellular adherence to the bottom of the wells. Cells were imaged 24 h after plating.

Scala M., Tomati V., Ferla M., Lena M., Cohen J.S., Fatemi A., Brokamp E., Bican A., Phillips JA I.I.I., Koziura M.E., Nicouleau M., Rio M., Siquier K., Boddaert N., Musante I., Tamburro S., Baldassari S., Iacomino M., Scudieri P., Rosenfeld J.A., Bellus G., Reed S., Al Saif H., Russo R.S., Walsh M.B., Cantagrel V., Crunk A., Gustincich S., Ruggiero S.M., Fitzgerald M.P., Helbig I., Striano P., Severino M., Salpietro V., Pedemonte N, & Zara F. (2024). De novo variants in DENND5B cause a neurodevelopmental disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics, 111(3), 529-543.

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Cell Culture Protocol of Human Hepatocarcinoma, Endothelial, and Leukemia Cells

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Human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) (ATCC U.S.) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovin serum (FBS), 1% glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone, Milan, Italy). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were purchased from Lonza. Cells were grown in endothelial cell growth medium (EGM-2) from Lonza, (Basel, Switzerland). All experiments were performed using low passage cell cultures [45 (link)]. Chronic myelogenous leukemia cells line (K562) (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA.) were grown in RPMI with added heat-inactivated 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (Euroclone, Milan, Italy). The cells were maintained in humidified air containing 5% CO₂ at 37 °C.

Capasso D., Del Gatto A., Comegna D., Russo L., Fattorusso R., Saviano M., Di Gaetano S, & Zaccaro L. (2020). Selective Targeting of αvβ5 Integrin in HepG2 Cell Line by RGDechi15D Peptide. Molecules, 25(18), 4298.

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