Puerarin was purchased from Alibaba Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Lauric acid, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and acetonitrile were purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan), while myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, tert-butyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and n-heptane were purchased from Dae-Jung (Sigeung-si, Republic of Korea). In addition, palmitic anhydride, vinyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, butyl palmitate, 1-octanol, and ABTS were obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan), and methyl palmitate was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercially used immobilized enzymes, Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin), Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on a silica gel carrier), and Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on a resin carrier) were obtained from Novozymes (Bagsværd, Demark). The acetic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and water used for HPLC analysis were purchased from J.T.Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) in HPLC grade. Formic acid used for LC–MS analysis was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Acetonitrile
Manufactured by Junsei
Sourced in Japan
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid commonly used as a solvent in various laboratory applications. It has a high polarity and a low boiling point, making it a versatile choice for a variety of analytical and synthetic procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tetrahydrofuran thf, by Junsei (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Daejung Chemicals (4 mentions)
Lipozyme rm im, by Novozymes (3 mentions)
Novozym 435, by Novozymes (3 mentions)
Lipozyme tl im, by Novozymes (3 mentions)
Tert amyl alcohol, by Daejung Chemicals (3 mentions)
1 2 dichloroethane, by Daejung Chemicals (3 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Junsei (3 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tert butyl alcohol, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
N heptane, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
1 4 dioxane, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Junsei (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Junsei (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isooctane, by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
Myristic acid, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Lauric acid, by Junsei (1 mentions)
10 protocols using acetonitrile
1
Enzymatic Synthesis of Palmitate Esters
2
Enzymatic Synthesis of Phenethyl Esters
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Phenethyl alcohol (98%) and formic acid (99%) were purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan) and Dae-Jung (Gyunggido, Korea), respectively. Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM IM, and Lipozyme TL IM were purchased from Novozymes (Bagsværd, Denmark), and Lipase PS Amano IM was purchased from Amano International Enzyme Co. (Nagoya, Japan). The following solvents were used in this study: acetonitrile (99.5%; Junsei), acetone (99.5%; Dae-Jung), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Dae-Jung), 1,2-dichloroethane (99%; Dae-Jung), toluene (99.5%; Junsei), cyclohexane (99.5%; Dae-Jung), n-hexane (96%; Junsei), heptane (98%; Dae-Jung), and isooctane (98%; Dae-Jung).
3
Enzymatic Synthesis of Acetyl Derivatives
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Naringin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, mEthyl acetate, vinyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, tert-butyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, and 1,2-dichloroethane were purchased from Dae-Jung (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan). For the immobilized enzyme, commercially used Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin), Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on a silica gel carrier), and Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on a resin carrier) were selected, purchased from Novozymes (Bagsværd, Demark).
4
Optimized Enzymatic Assay for Botanical Compounds
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Luria-Bertani broth, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, sodium phosphate (dibasic), sodium chloride, imidazole, cellobiose, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquiritin (LQ), baicalin (BC), glycyrrhizin (GC), hesperidin (HP), neohesperidin (NH), naringin (NR), liquiritigenin, genipin, baicalein, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, hesperetin, naringenin, p-nitrophenol (pNP), p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide (pNPGr) standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Geniposide was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and TALON metal affinity resin was purchased from Takara (Kusatsu, Japan). Solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA; acetonitrile) and Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan; acetic acid).
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Cinnamic Compounds
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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O; 98%), aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O; 98%), trans-cinnamic acid (CA, C9H8O2; 97%), trans-cinnamaldehyde (CAD, C9H8O; 99%), and potassium bromide (KBr; 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH; 97%), ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH; 99%), and hydrochloric acid (HCl; 36%) were obtained from Daejung Chemicals & Metals, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Acetic acid (CH3COOH; 99%) and acetonitrile were purchased from Junsei, Tokyo, Japan, and Honeywell Burdick & Jackson, Muskegon, MI, USA, respectively. The deionized water was obtained from a water purification system (Human Power II+ Water Purification System, Human Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea) with a resistivity of 18.3 MΩ/cm.
6
Polymer Characterization for Material Synthesis
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MC powder with a viscosity of 4,000 cP (in 2% solution) and HPMC powder with a viscosity of 4,260 cP (in 2% solution) were obtained from LOTTE Fine Chemical Co., Ltd (Incheon, Korea). CMC sodium salt with a viscosity of 50 to 200 cp (in 4% solution) was obtained from Sigma Chemical CO., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Yeast extract and peptone were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Glucose, hydrogen peroxide (34.5%), sodium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol (99.9%) and acetic acid were supplied by Duksan Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Aniline and acetonitrile were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) was supplied by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). All chemical reagents were used as received.
7
Enzymatic Synthesis of Naringin Ester
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Naringin (95%) and ethyl acetate (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Novozym 435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B), Lipozyme TL IM (immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus), and Lipozyme RM IM (immobilized Rhizomucor miehei) were purchased from Novo Nordisk Bioindustry (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.5%), 1,4-dioxane (99.5%), acetone (99.5%), tert-butanol (99.5%), tert-amyl alcohol (99%), 1,2-dichloroethane (99%), isooctane (98%), oleic acid (99%), and molecular sieves (3-Å) were purchased from Dae-Jung Chemical and Metals Co. Ltd. (Gyunggido, Korea). Acetonitrile (99.5%) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (99.5%) were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol, water, and acetic acid (HPLC grade) were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).
8
Antioxidant Assay Protocol for Cell Lines
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Trolox, quercetin, fluorescein (FL), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, ethanol, methanol, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, hexane, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and water were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride solution (ABAP) was purchased from Wako Chemicals Inc. (Richmond, VA, USA). HT-29, Caco-2, HeLa, and HepG2 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA). McCoy’s 5A, MEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Welgene (Daegu, Korea). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from HyClone Laboratories Inc., (South Logan, UT, USA). A MTT cell proliferation assay kit and a Cell Death Detection ELISAplus kit were purchased from Roche Ltd., (Indianapolis, IN, USA). The p-AKT, p-53, PTEN, β-Actin, Bax, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). ECL prime western blotting detection reagent was purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Marlborough, MA, USA).
9
N-Glycan Release and Purification
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Sodium hydroxide (beads, 20–40 mesh), 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methyl iodide, and trifluoroAcetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) was obtained from Roche (Germany). Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) cartridge was purchased from Thermo Scientific (USA) and Microspin column was obtained from Harvard Apparatus (USA). Acetic acid, acetonitrile (ACN), and chloroform were purchased from Junsei (Japan). All aqueous solutions were prepared with ReadyPrep™ Proteomic Grade Water (Bio-Rad, USA).
10
Immobilized Lipase Catalyzed Reactions
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In this study, the immobilized lipases used were Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on an acrylic resin), Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei lipase immobilized on an anionic resin), and Lipozyme TL IM (Themomyces lanuginose lipase immobilized on silica gel). All enzymes were purchased from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The solvent reactants used were acetonitrile (99.5%), toluene (99.5%), and n-hexane (96%) purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan), as well as acetone (99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,2-dichloroethane (99%), cyclohexane (99.5%), n-heptane (98%), and iso-octane (98%) purchased from Dae-jung (Gyunggido, Korea).
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