Elemental compositions of the sorbents obtained were determined using a Shimadzu ICPE-9000 spectrometer. The thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) data of samples were collected using a thermogravimetric analyzer (Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG) under an argon atmosphere. XRD data were obtained with a Shimadzu D6000 diffractometer with monochrome CuKα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). The BET surface properties of the samples were determined using a Tristar 320 surface area analyzer. The pore size distribution was calculated using the BJH method. The concentration of transition metals in the filtrates for every sorption experiment was determined using atomic adsorption with an AAS 300 Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. Sorbent particles of 0.1 mm were prepared for study by sieving.
Sta 409 pc pg
Manufactured by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany
The STA 409 PC/PG is a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) instrument manufactured by Netzsch. It is designed to perform thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements on a wide range of materials. The STA 409 PC/PG provides accurate and precise data on the thermal properties of samples, including weight changes and thermal events such as phase transitions, decomposition, and oxidation.
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Lab products found in correlation
D8 advance diffractometer, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Icpe 9000 spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Tensor 27, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Asap 2020, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
F 7000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Graphite powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium permanganate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 methylimidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malononitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphorus pentoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimedone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 chloropropyl trimethoxysilane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
17 protocols using sta 409 pc pg
1
Characterization of Sorbent Materials
2
Comprehensive Characterization of Sulfur-Sulfur Waste (SSW) Adsorbents
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The structure and
morphology of the SSW adsorbents were determined
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL7500F, Japan). Energy-dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy performed alongside SEM was used to estimate
the surface elemental composition of SSW adsorbents. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were tested at a temperature
of 77 K to obtain the surface characteristics of SSW using an automated
specific surface area and porosity analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2020).
The surface areas and the pore size distributions were determined
using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
(BJH) method, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR, Bruker TENSOR-27, Germany) was employed to evaluate the surface
functional groups of SSW. The samples were scanned within the wavenumber
region of 4000–600 cm–1. Thermogravimetric-derivative
thermogravimetry analysis (TG-DTG, NETZSCH STA 409PC/PG, Germany)
was used to investigate the thermal stability of the SSW adsorbents
under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 100 mL/min and a heating
rate of 10 K/min from room temperature to 1173 K. The fluorescence
properties of the samples were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy
(Hitachi F-7000, Japan), and ζ potential was measured using
an electroacoustic spectrometer (MALVERN NanoZS90, U.K.) with pH values
recorded between 2.0 and 12.0.
morphology of the SSW adsorbents were determined
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL7500F, Japan). Energy-dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy performed alongside SEM was used to estimate
the surface elemental composition of SSW adsorbents. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were tested at a temperature
of 77 K to obtain the surface characteristics of SSW using an automated
specific surface area and porosity analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2020).
The surface areas and the pore size distributions were determined
using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
(BJH) method, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR, Bruker TENSOR-27, Germany) was employed to evaluate the surface
functional groups of SSW. The samples were scanned within the wavenumber
region of 4000–600 cm–1. Thermogravimetric-derivative
thermogravimetry analysis (TG-DTG, NETZSCH STA 409PC/PG, Germany)
was used to investigate the thermal stability of the SSW adsorbents
under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 100 mL/min and a heating
rate of 10 K/min from room temperature to 1173 K. The fluorescence
properties of the samples were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy
(Hitachi F-7000, Japan), and ζ potential was measured using
an electroacoustic spectrometer (MALVERN NanoZS90, U.K.) with pH values
recorded between 2.0 and 12.0.
3
Graphite-based Hybrid Materials Synthesis
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Graphite powder, 1-methylimidazole (99%), (3-chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane (97%), iron(iii ) chloride hexahydrate (≥99%), dimedone (95%), malononitrile (≥99%), and ethanol (99%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (95–98%), phosphorus pentoxide, potassium persulfate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide (30%), hydrochloric acid (37%), and benzaldehydes (97–99%) were purchased from Merck. Deionized water was distilled by water purification system (Milli-Q System). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was recorded on a Bruker-Vector 22 spectrometer (Germany). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was obtained using a Bruker D8 ADVANCE diffractometer (Germany). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG apparatus (Germany). The morphology of the particles was characterized by TESCAN-Vega 3 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Czech Republic). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was obtained by using TESCAN-Vega 3 apparatus (Czech Republic).
4
Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Nanocomposites
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Crystal structures and phases in each sample were corroborated by X-ray diffraction (XRD-China; Asenware with AW-XDM300). The morphology of the nanoparticles was studied by scanning electron microscopy FESEM model TESCAN–MIRA 3 equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Fourier transform infrared spectra were performed using a FTIR-Jasco, model 680 Plus, at ambient temperature and in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. The magnetization hysteresis loops were analyzed by a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM- Meghnatis daghigh kavir Co. Iran) at 300 K. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the measuring the mass variation of a sample as a function of temperature. The changes in the mass of activated carbon and Fe3O4/C nanocomposite as a function of temperature in a defined and controlled environment from 25 to 1000 °C were measured by TGA/DTG curves in N2 atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. The measurements were carried out using a NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG, Germany. The pore characteristic of the samples was studied by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method via nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS- Analytik Jena factory, model novaAA 400) was used to determine the concentration of chromium in the solution.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Containing Silica Nanoparticles
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Chemicals such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), resorcinol, formaldehyde, ammonia solution (25–28%), FeCl3·6H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, ethanol, HCl, malononitrile, dimedone, and all applied aldehydes were purchased from Merck, Fluka, and Aldrich. All solvents were dried and purified before application in the reactions. Purification of reaction products was performed via TLC on silica gel polygram SILG/UV 254 plates. The melting points were determined by a Barnstead Electrothermal (BI 9300) apparatus. FTIR spectra were obtained using an FT-IR JASC0-680 spectrometer. NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker 400 MHz Ultrashield spectrometer at 400 MHz (1H) and 100 MHz (13C) using CDC13 or DMSO-d6 as the solvent with TMS as the internal standard. Filed-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis was conducted by a Philips, XL30 emission electron microscope. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed by NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG from room temperature to 800 °C.
6
Thermal Analysis of Material Samples
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In order to plot TG and DTG curves for samples, NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG thermal gravimetric analyzer was used. 20 mg samples were heated, starting at room temperature and reaching up to 800 °C by increasing the temperature 10 °C min−1 gradually under N2.
7
Characterization of Mt-BH-LPs by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and DLS
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A Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer was used to collect the spectrograms. The range, resolution, and scan times were 400–4,000 cm−1, 4 cm−1, and 64, respectively. TGA was measured by a Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG, and heating rate and nitrogen flow were 10°C·min−1 and 60 cm3·min−1, respectively. XRD patterns were determined using a Bruker D8 advance diffractometer (CuKα radiation) from 3° to 70°, and the scan rate, generator voltage, and generator current were 3°·min−1, 40 kV, and 40 mA, respectively. The morphology of the Mt-BH-LPs was investigated by TEM (Tecnai 10; Philips, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) at an acceleration voltage of 115 kV. PS and ZP of the LPs were measured by dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic light scattering, respectively, both using a Beckman apparatus.
8
Characterization of Coal Samples from Xinjiang
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NMH-R was collected from the Naomaohu
coal field in the Xinjiang
Province, China. Coal was ground to pass a 100 mesh screen. NMH-V,
NMH-I, and NMH-L samples were obtained by hand separation. The maceral
content, proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis of NMH-R, NMH-V,
NMH-I, and NMH-L are shown inTable 1 . The NMH-D was obtained by demineralizing the NMH-R
sample following the demineralization procedure of Gong et al.9 (link) TG–DTG analysis was investigated using
a TG analyzer (STA 409 PC/PG, NETZSCH, Selb, Germany). Approximately
8 mg of coal sample was placed in a ceramic crucible and heated from
25 to 900 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min using Ar as
the carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 35 mL/min.
coal field in the Xinjiang
Province, China. Coal was ground to pass a 100 mesh screen. NMH-V,
NMH-I, and NMH-L samples were obtained by hand separation. The maceral
content, proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis of NMH-R, NMH-V,
NMH-I, and NMH-L are shown in
sample following the demineralization procedure of Gong et al.9 (link) TG–DTG analysis was investigated using
a TG analyzer (STA 409 PC/PG, NETZSCH, Selb, Germany). Approximately
8 mg of coal sample was placed in a ceramic crucible and heated from
25 to 900 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min using Ar as
the carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 35 mL/min.
9
Thermal Analysis of Samples
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DSC data were collected on a Shimadzu Differential Scanning Calorimeter DSC-60A (Shimadzu, Quioto, Japan). Approximately 4 mg samples were placed in aluminum pans, and the temperature program was set to increase from 30 to 250 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 under nitrogen flow (50 mL min−1).
Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses were performed using a Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 60 mL min−1 at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 over the range of 30 to 300 °C and using 6 mg of sample in an aluminum cell.
Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses were performed using a Netzsch STA 409 PC/PG (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 60 mL min−1 at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 over the range of 30 to 300 °C and using 6 mg of sample in an aluminum cell.
10
Thermal Properties of X-PolyHIPE–GelPEG–PCLs
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The thermal properties and composition of the X-PolyHIPE–GelPEG–PCLs were investigated using a NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG under a N2 flow of 20 ml min−1 with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 from 30 to 600 °C.
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