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34 protocols using milli q synthesis system

1

Antioxidant Assay Reagent Standards

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium was purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water from a Milli-Q® Synthesis system (Millipore, Tokyo, Japan). Individual gas cylinders each containing O2 (purity, >99.7%; quality, N2 < 1000 ppm, H2O < 10 ppm), N2 (purity, >99.999%; quality, O2 < 2 ppm, CO < 1 ppm, CO2 < 1 ppm, CH4 < 1 ppm, H2O < 5 ppm), and H2 (purity, >99.998%; quality, O2 < 1 ppm, N2 < 10 ppm, CO < 1 ppm, CO2 < 1 ppm, CH4 < 1 ppm, H2O < 5 ppm) were obtained from Fukuoka Sanso Co., Ltd. (Fukuoka, Japan). Trolox is an antioxidant and commonly used as the positive control for ROS scavenging activity measurements (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Other reagents not detailed herein were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).
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2

Multiplex Antimicrobial Residue Detection

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Chloramphenicol (CAP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), florfenicol, (FF), penicillin (PEN), ractopamine (RAC), salbutamol (SAL), sulfadiazine (SUL), and thiamphenicol (TAP) standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (99% purity, St. Louis, MO, USA). CAP-conjugated antigen and HRP-labeled CAP antibody were obtained from ZeYang Co. (Beijing, China). SuperSignal chemiluminescence substrate solution was purchased from Thermo Fisher (USA). Milli-Q Synthesis system was obtained from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA) for water purification. Other reagents (analytical grade) were purchased from Beijing Reagent Corp. (Beijing, China).
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3

Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility Evaluation

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BSA and RhB were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technology Inc. (Shanghai, People's Republic of China). Ultrapure water used in all experiments was produced by Milli-Q synthesis system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). L929 mouse fibroblast cells (obtained from the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (HyClone, Thermo Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C with 5% CO2. Guinea pigs weighing 250 ~ 300 g were purchased from the Tianjin Experimental Animal Center, People's Republic of China, and had free access to food and water. Animal study protocols were approved and performed in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
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4

Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 · 6H2O, >99%), anhydrous sodium acetate (NaOAc), ethylene glycol (EG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and chitosan (low molecular weight, Brookfield viscosity 20 cps) were purchased from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The pure water was obtained from a Milli-Q synthesis system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Psychoactive Drugs

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Azaperone, xylazine, and chlorpromazine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Droperidol and haloperidol were obtained from Waco Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Other standards (nitrazepam, estazolam, oxazepam, perphenazine, and diazepam) were provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). HPLC grade ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Oasis HLB (60 mg) solid phase extraction cartridges were supplied by Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Water was purified using a Milli-Q Synthesis system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). A syringe filter (GHP ACRODISC, 0.2 µm) was purchased from Pall Corporation (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
Individual stock standard solution was prepared in methanol at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. Mixed working standard solutions were prepared by subsequent dilution with methanol. These solutions were stored at −20 °C and were stable for at least six months.
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6

Radiolabeled Polymer Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Sodium sulfide (Na2S), copper chloride (CuCl2) and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; MW ~74885, 88% hydrolyzed) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). PLGA (lactide: glycolide = 50:50, viscosity = 0.55-0.75 dL/g) was purchased from Durect (Cupertino, USA). PTX was provided by Melone Pharmaceutic (Dalian, China). Na131I was obtained from XinKe Corporation (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q synthesis system (Millipore, Billerica, MA).
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7

Investigating Cellular Responses with Ruthenium Agents

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NaAsO2 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ruthenium agents were synthesized according to a previous report.33 (link) 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and 2-carboxy-2′-hydroxy-5′-sulfoformazylbenzene sodium salt (Zincon) were purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). RPMI Medium 1640, trypsin–EDTA and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit-Haemek, Israel). Anti-PML and anti-CD11b(FITC) antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, US). Anti-GAPDH, anti-PARP-1 and anti-caspase-3 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). The apoptosis detection kit and DNA Content Quantitation Assay (Cell Cycle) were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ultra-purified water was prepared using a Milli-Q Synthesis System (Millipore, Bedford, MA). All other solvents and reagents were used as received.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide

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Methylene cyanide, natural graphite powder, sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2, 30%), hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, 98%), sodium acetate (NaOAc), chitosan (CS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), sodium azide (SA) and d-mannitol (DM) were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Beijing Dingguo Biotechnology Co. (Beijing, China). PBS used in other experiments was prepared by mixing stock solutions of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4. Ethanol, methanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine (TEA), hydrobromide/acetic acid (HBr/HAc, 33%), glacial acetic acid (HAc, 99%), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) were analytical reagents. All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and used without any purification. All the solvents were distilled and purified by standard procedures. Pure water was obtained from Milli-Q synthesis system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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9

Phospholipid Nanoparticle Formulation Protocol

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Analytical (LC/MS) grade methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), formic acid, chloroform and sucrose were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Rockford, IL). Phospholipids, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol-amine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc., (Alabaster, AL). Cholesterol (Chol) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and recrystallized (×3) from MeOH before use. Ultrapure water (>3 mega Ω) was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q synthesis system (Billerica, MA). Heparin sodium for injection USP (5,000 units/mL) was purchased from Elkin-Sinn, Inc., (Cherry Hill, NJ). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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10

Synthesis of Biodegradable Nanoparticles

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Copper chloride (CuCl2), sodium sulfide (Na2S 9H2O), and sodium citrate were purchased from Kelong Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Methoxy-PEG-thiol (SH-PEG, molecular weight 5000 Da) was purchased from ToYongBio Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HA sodium salt from Streptococcus Equi was supplied by Aladdin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) 0.5, 5′-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid; DTNB), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC), cysteamine, and dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States). N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was obtained from Pierce. Isoflurane was obtained from RWD Life Science Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was obtained from Dongren Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The antibody of endothelial growth factor anti-VEGF was bought from Proteintech (Chicago, United States). The anti-CD31 antibody was from Affinity Biosciences, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH, United States). Deionized water (18 MΩ) was obtained from a Milli-Qsynthesis system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States). All the above reagents are used directly without further purification.
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