Spss 18.0 program

Analysis of variance was performed on all variables measured using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in SPSS 18.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For the analysis of antioxidant activity of maple leaf extract, the extraction time was considered as a main effect. In the case of physicochemical analysis of gelatin gels, protein concentration, the addition of maple leaf extract, and their interaction were fixed as main effects. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine the significance of the differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviations. Statistical significance was assessed with one-way and multi-way ANOVA by employing the SPSS 18.0 program (ver. 18.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The comparisons between two groups were carried out, using t-test and the samples were considered as significantly different when p < 0.05.

The experimental design of this study was a completely randomized block design with three independent batches (n = 3). Analysis of variance was performed on all variables measured using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in SPSS 18.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Between intact pre-rigor chicken breast and intact post-rigor chicken breast, the significance of difference was determined using Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). For pre- and post-rigor salting treatments, three-way ANOVA was performed, in which salt type, rigor status, and ionic strength were fixed as the main effects, and their interactions were also considered. t-Test and Tukey’s method were used to determine the significance of the differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

The larvicidal bioassays with more than 20% mortality in control tests and more than 20% pupae formed were discarded and carried out again. The control mortality ranging between 5 and 20% was corrected using Abbott’s formula (18 ).
$\mathrm{CM\; =}\frac{\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{C}}{100-\mathrm{C}}\times 100$
where, CM is the corrected mortality, T is the % mortality observed in experimental tests, and C is the % mortality in control tests. The larvicidal data were subjected to probit regression analysis based on generalized linear model using computerized SPSS 18.0 Program. The regression analysis models the normal distribution of the relationship between response (% mortality) and dose (concentration) as a linear model via a link function by the transformation of % mortality in probit values. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values with 95% fiducial limit were calculated in each bioassay to measure the difference between the test samples. Other statistical parameters, such as regression coefficient and standard error were also calculated. The fitted model is assessed by statistics for heterogeneity, which follow a chi-square distribution.

All data were expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E) (n = 3). Data from all measured variables were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in the SPSS 18.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). In the variables with statistically significant effects at 5% critical value, Tukey’s multiple range test was used to determine the significance of the differences between treatments (p < 0.05).