Aw4.6 workstation

According to PI-RADS version 2.1 (3), we screened the PI-RADS 3 lesions strictly located in TZ (Table 2). All the images were independently evaluated by two radiologists (JW. L., J.B.) with more than 10 years of experience in abdominal imaging diagnosis without knowing the clinical history, laboratory examination results, and other imaging examination results (such as ultrasound). In case of deviation in the results, an agreement was reached. (After PI-RADS Version 2.1 published in March 2019, we reevaluated prostate MRI of 113 patients between December 2018 and April 2019 according to PI-RADS Version 2.1)
Acquisition of quantitative data was carried out on GE AW 4.6 workstation. The two radiologists (KP. Z., JW. L.) depicted every region of interest (ROI) separately on related parameter maps of IVIM, stretched exponential model, and DKI. Nine ROIs with area of 50 mm² were randomly drawn at the maximum 3 slices of each PI-RADS 3 lesion in TZ. The average value was recorded and used for data analysis. Detail showed in Figure 2.

SD rats were placed in a scanner in the supine position after being anesthetized. All experiments were conducted on a 3.0-Tesla MR scanner (Discovery 750, General Electric, USA) with a dedicated animal coil (WK601-1085, Magtron Inc., China). Conventional DTI scans were then performed. Subsequently, all data were transferred to the General Electric AW 4.6 workstation, and the following parameters were used: b value of 800 s mm − 2, TE of 60 ms, TR of 3000 ms, 98 × 48 matrix, FOV 8 × 4, slice thickness of 2 mm, and 17 diffusion gradient directions.

¹⁸F-FDG PET images were assessed by two experienced nuclear physicians using the GE AW 4.6 workstation, and we used a colorized scale to detect metabolic changes. The nuclear physicians were blinded to patients’ information, and divided the left and right hemispheres into ten lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insula lobe). Abnormal metabolic regions occurred when one hemisphere was metabolically altered from the opposite hemisphere. The presence of at least one abnormal metabolic region in ¹⁸F-FDG PET images was considered indicative of potential epileptic foci (Spencer, 1994 (link)).

All patients were instructed to fast for at least 6 h and their blood glucose levels were kept lower than 7.4 mmol/l. Image acquisition was taken 45~60 min after intravenous administration of 5.6 MBq of ¹⁸F-FDG per kilogram of body weight. All scans were performed on a GE Healthcare Discovery STE system. First, a CT scan from the vertex of the skull to the upper thigh with the patient supine was performed, under the following conditions: 120KV, auto mA, pitch 1.75:1; collimation 16×3.75 mm; and rotation cycle, 0.5 s, for PET attenuation correction and anatomical location, without oral or intravenous contrast. Then, PET images covering the same area were acquired in three‐dimensional mode on the same scanner for 2.5 min per bed position, a total of 6-7 bed positions per patient. PET images were reconstructed using CT for attenuation correction with the ordered-subsets expectation maximization algorithm (2 iterations, 28 subsets) and an 8-mm gaussian filter using a 128×128 matrix. All images were reviewed on a picture-archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation (GE AW 4.6 workstation) displaying a maximum-intensity projection image (MIP) and multiplanar PET, CT, and PET/CT fusion images.

All MR images were sent to AW4.6 workstation (GE Healthcare). Three observers (two radiologists and a clinician) evaluated the images. Reader 1 is Z.Z., a junior radiologist with 3 years of experience in musculoskeletal MRI. Reader 2 is W.W., a senior radiologist with 22 years of experience in musculoskeletal MRI. Reader 3 is B.Y., a hematologist with no experience in musculoskeletal MRI. The image datasets of patients and controls were anonymized and presented to the observers in a random order. The gender, age, and patient information were all blinded to the readers. Each reader performed the following evaluations independently. T1‐ and T2‐weighted images were used as references for FF and R2* quantification. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn in the IDEAL‐IQ sequence FF images and R2* images of the left posterior superior iliac spine in the largest level. Red bone marrow and puncture holes were excluded (Fig. 1). The system automatically calculated the FF and R2* mean values for the drawn regions.

The GE AW4.6 Workstation was used to perform 3D reconstruction of the original CT images to obtain 3D images of the LAA and left atrium (LA). Then, a cutting tool was used to separate the LAA from the LA to obtain the LAA volume. According to the morphological characteristics of the LAA, it can be divided into chicken wing (there is an obvious fold at the proximal or middle part of the main lobe of the left atrial appendage) and non-chicken wing (other forms beside chicken wings) (Figs. 4 and 5). Fig. 4

The shape of the LAA. A, B Chicken-wing. C–F Non-chicken wing

Fig. 5

Left atrial appendage volume