Efavirenz

Manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb

Efavirenz is a medication used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that blocks the activity of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the virus to replicate. Efavirenz is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral medications as part of a comprehensive HIV treatment regimen.

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Lab products found in correlation

Emtricitabine, by Bristol-Myers Squibb (2 mentions) Atazanavir, by Bristol-Myers Squibb (2 mentions) Ritonavir, by Abbott (1 mentions) Nevirapine, by Boehringer Ingelheim (1 mentions) Maraviroc, by Pfizer (1 mentions) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, by Gilead Sciences (1 mentions) Lopinavir, by Abbott (1 mentions) Thapsigargin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Elvitegravir, by Gilead Sciences (1 mentions) Atripla, by Bristol-Myers Squibb (1 mentions) Ba 1000, by Vector Laboratories (1 mentions) Ba 9200, by Vector Laboratories (1 mentions)

3 protocols using efavirenz

Synthesis and Purification of Antivirals

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BMS-378806, BMS-1, BMS-2, BMS-3, BMS-955176, bevirimat (BVM), raltegravir, BMS-817889 (a hepatitis C virus [HCV] NS5B inhibitor), atazanavir (ATV), lamivudine (3TC), abacavir (ABC), emtricitabine (FTC), nelfinavir (NFV), and efavirenz (EFV) were prepared at Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). Ritonavir (RTV), nevirapine (NVP), zidovudine (AZT), darunavir (DRV), tenofovir, and rilpivirine (RPV) were purchased and purified from commercial sources.

Nowicka-Sans B., Protack T., Lin Z., Li Z., Zhang S., Sun Y., Samanta H., Terry B., Liu Z., Chen Y., Sin N., Sit S.Y., Swidorski J.J., Chen J., Venables B.L., Healy M., Meanwell N.A., Cockett M., Hanumegowda U., Regueiro-Ren A., Krystal M, & Dicker I.B. (2016). Identification and Characterization of BMS-955176, a Second-Generation HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitor with Improved Potency, Antiviral Spectrum, and Gag Polymorphic Coverage. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 60(7), 3956-3969.

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Antiretroviral Drug Effects on Cell Viability

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The following chemicals/drugs were used: zidovudine (GlaxoSmithKline), stavudine (Bristol-Myers Squibb), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Gilead Sciences), nevirapine (Boehringer Ingelheim), efavirenz (Bristol-Myers Squibb), rilpivirine (Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), ritonavir (Abbott Laboratories), lopinavir (Abbott Laboratories), nelfinavir (Agouron), atazanavir (Bristol-Myers Squibb), raltegravir (sc-364600; Santa Cruz), elvitegravir (Gilead Sciences), maraviroc (Pfizer), tunicamycin (T7765; Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology), thapsigargin (T9033; Sigma-Aldrich), 4-phenylbutyric acid ([PBA] P21005; Sigma-Aldrich), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid ([Trolox] 648471; Calbiochem), and rosiglitazone (ALX-350-125; Alexis Biochemicals). The reagents for cell culture were from Sigma-Aldrich, whereas media and FBS were from Life Technologies. For initial assessments of the effects of antiretroviral drugs prior to concentration-response analyses, the drugs were used at the highest concentrations that did not cause cytotoxicity in specific cell systems. The drugs were dissolved using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the vehicle. Controls included amounts of DMSO (≤0.1% DMSO of total cell medium volume) equal to those used in drug-treated cells.

Moure R., Domingo P., Villarroya J., Gasa L., Gallego-Escuredo J.M., Quesada-López T., Morón-Ros S., Maroto A.F., Mateo G.M., Domingo J.C., Villarroya F, & Giralt M. (2018). Reciprocal Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs Used To Treat HIV Infection on the Fibroblast Growth Factor 21/β-Klotho System. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(6), e00029-18.

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Antiretroviral Drug Cocktail and Inflammatory Markers

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These were procured from different reliable sources. A combination antiretroviral drug (Atripla) consisting of 600 mg of Efavirenz, 300 mg Tenofovir disproxil Fumurate, and 245 mg Emtricitabine was procured from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. Rabbit polyclonal for primary antibodies interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (ab2105), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (ab6671), and caspase 3 (ab4051), rabbit monoclonal for primary antibody inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (ab115819), and mouse monoclonal for primary antibodies interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ab9324), malondialdehyde (MDA) (ab243066), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) (ab62623) were procured from Abcam . Whilst biotinylated goat anti-rabbit (BA-1000) and goat anti-mouse (BA-9200) secondary antibodies, and Avidin-Biotin Complex kit (ABC) (PK-6100) were procured from Vector Laboratories.

Owembabazi E., Nkomozepi P., Calvey T, & Mbajiorgu E.F. (2023). Co-administration of alcohol and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in male Sprague Dawley rats: a study on testicular morphology, oxidative and cytokines perturbations. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 56(2), 236-251.

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