Low glucose

HeLa human cervical cancer cells were cultured at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Low Glucose, Wako, Osaka, Japan), containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Biowest, Nuaillé, France), 2 µg/mL of gentamicin, and 10 µg/mL of antibiotic-antimycotic. P388 murine leukemia cells were propagated and maintained at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI, Wako), containing HRDS solution (2,2′-dithiobisethanol) and kanamycin sulfate.

VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Vero E6 ACE2/TMPRSS2 cells [an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) kidney cell line; JCRB1819]^{52 (link)} were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (low glucose) (Wako, Cat# 041–29775) containing 10% FBS, G418 (1 mg/ml; Nacalai Tesque, Cat# G8168–10ML) and 1% PS. Calu-3 cells (a human lung epithelial cell line; ATCC HTB-55) were maintained in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# M4655–500ML) containing 10% FBS and 1% PS.

HeLa human cervical cancer cells were cultured at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Low Glucose, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation), containing 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS, Biowest, Nuaillé, France), 2 µg/mL of gentamicin reagent solution AND 10 µg/mL of antibiotic-antimycotic. P388 murine leukemia cells were propagated and maintained at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation), containing HRDS solution (2, 2′-dithiobisethanol), and kanamycin sulfate. The J1 mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained on 0.1% gelatin-coated dishes with mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs, Kitayama Labes, Nagano, Japan) in the medium of DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS, 1% L-glutamine (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), 1% non-essential amino acids (Gibco), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (P/S, Gibco), 0.18% 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco) and 1000 U/mL leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF, Merck Chemicals GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany).