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9 protocols using nextera xt sample preparation guide

1

Bulk RNA-seq Analysis of Microglia

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Microglia were gated as CD11cLy6GCD11b+CD45low cells and enriched from the mouse brain by FACS as described above, and subjected to bulk RNA-seq. RNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing were performed at the University of Pittsburgh HSCRF Genomics Research Core as we previously described [18 (link)]. Briefly, total RNA was extracted from FACS-sorted cells using a Qiagen RNeasy Plus Micro Kit, and RNA integrity was assessed using the High Sensitivity RNA ScreenTape system on an Agilent 2200 TapeStation. The SMART-Seq HT Kit was used to generate cDNA from 10 ng of total RNA, and the cDNA product was checked by an Agilent Fragment Analyzer system for quality control. The sequencing library was constructed by following the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide. One nanogram of input cDNA was tagmented (tagged and fragmented) and amplified using the Illumina Nextrera XT kit. Sequence libraries of each sample were finally equimolarly pooled and sequenced on an Illumina Nextseq 500 system, using a paired-end 75-bp strategy.
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2

RNA-Seq Library Preparation and Sequencing

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RNA sequencing analysis was performed in 24 samples. The SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing v4 (Clontech Laboratories) was used to generate first-strand cDNA from 750 pg total-RNA. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified by LD PCR (12 cycles) and purified via magnetic bead clean-up. Library preparation was carried out as described in the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide (Illumina). 150 pg of input cDNA was tagmented (tagged and fragmented) by the Nextera XT transposome. The products were purified and amplified via a limited-cycle PCR program to generate multiplexed sequencing libraries. For the PCR step 1:5 dilutions of index 1 (i7) and index 2 (i5) primers were used. The libraries were quantified using the KAPA SYBR FAST ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems). Equimolar amounts of each library were pooled, and the pools then used for cluster generation on the cBot with the Illumina TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3. The sequencing run was performed on a HiSeq 1000 instrument using the indexed, 50 cycles single-read (SR) protocol and TruSeq SBS v3 Reagents according to the Illumina HiSeq 1000 System User Guide. Image analysis and base calling resulted in bcl files, which were converted into fastq files with the bcl2fastq v2.18 software. The sequencing data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE179568.
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3

SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA Sequencing

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The SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing v4 (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) was used to generate first-strand cDNA from approximately 1 ng of total RNA. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified by long-distance PCR (11 cycles) and purified via magnetic bead clean-up. Library preparation was carried out as described in the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Input cDNA 150 pg was tagmented (tagged and fragmented) by the Nextera XT transposome. The products were purified and amplified via a limited-cycle PCR program to generate multiplexed sequencing libraries. For the PCR step, 1:5 dilution of the unique dual indexing (i7 and I5) adapters was used. Libraries were quantified using the KAPA Library Quantification Kit–Illumina/ABI Prism User Guide (Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA). Equimolar amounts of each library were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 2000 instrument controlled by the NextSeq 2000 Control Software (NCS) v1.2.0.36376 using one 50 cycles P3 Flow Cell with the dual index, single-read run parameters. Image analysis and base calling were performed using the Real Time Analysis Software v3.7.17. The resulting .cbcl files were converted into .fastq files with the bcl2fastq v2.20 software.
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4

Amplicon Purification and Sequencing Workflow

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We purified all the amplicons using the Agencourt AMPure XP PCR Purification systems (Beckman Coulter, Pasadena, CA) and quantified the starting DNA library using the Qubit dsDNA BR Assay system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The sequencing library construction was performed according to the Nextera XT sample preparation guide (Illumina, San Diego, CA) that uses transposome to fragment and simultaneously adds adapter and barcoding sequences.
The pooled and barcoded libraries were subsequently sequenced using the MiSeq sequencer with v2 kits, which generated 250-base paired-end sequence reads.
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5

Ultra-Low Input RNA-Seq Library Preparation

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The SMART-Seq v4 Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing (Clontech) was used to generate first-strand cDNA from 300 pg of totalRNA. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified by long-distance PCR (13 cycles) and purified via magnetic bead clean-up. Library preparation was carried out as described in the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide. Next, 150 pg of input cDNA was tagmented (tagged and fragmented) by the Nextera XT transposome. The products were purified and amplified via a limited-cycle PCR program to generate multiplexed sequencing libraries. For the PCR step, 1:5 dilutions of index 1 (i7) and index 2 (i5) primers were used. The libraries were quantified using the KAPA Library Quantification Kit—Illumina/ABI Prism User Guide (Roche Sequencing Solutions). Equimolar amounts of each library were sequenced on a NextSeq 500 instrument controlled by the NextSeq Control Software, version 2.2.0, using two High Output Kits (75 cycles) with the dual index, single-read run parameters. Image analysis and base calling were done by the Real Time Analysis Software, version 2.4.11. The resulting BCL files were converted into FASTQ files with the bcl2fastq software, version 2.18.
Library preparation and RNA-seq were performed at the Genomics Core Facility ‘KFB - Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics’ (University of Regensburg; http://www.kfb-regensburg.de).
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6

RNA-seq Library Preparation Protocol

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First-strand cDNA was generated using SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing v4 (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). Double-standed cDNA was amplified with LD PCR and purified with AMPure XP beads. Library preparation was constructed conforming to the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). In brief, 150 pg of input cDNA was tagmented via Nextera XT transposome. The products were purified and amplified with a limited-cycle PCR program to construct sequencing libraries. The libraries were quantified with the KAPA SYBR FAST ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems, Wobum, MA, USA). Equimolar amounts of each library were pooled for cluster generation on the cBot using the Illumina TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3. The sequencing run was performed on a HiSeq1000 instrument with TruSeq SBS Kit v3 according to the Illumina HiSeq 1000 System User Guide. Illumina image analysis and base calling were recorded in library base call format (.bcl) and further converted to Fastq files via the CASAVA1.8.2 software.
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7

Single-cell RNA-seq Library Preparation

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First-strand cDNA was generated using SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing v4 (Clontech Laboratories, inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). Double-stranded cDNA was amplified with LD PCR and purified with AMPure XP beads. Library preparation was constructed by conforming to the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). In brief, 150 pg of input cDNA were tagmented via Nextera XT transposome. The products were purified and amplified with a limited-cycle PCR program to construct sequencing libraries. The libraries were quantified with the KAPA SYBR FAST ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems, Wobum, MA, USA). Equimolar amounts of each library were pooled for cluster generation on the cBot using the Illumina TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3. The sequencing run was performed on a HiSeq1000 instrument with TruSeq SBS Kit v3 according to the Illumina HiSeq 1000 System User Guide. Illumina image analysis and base calling were recorded in library base call format (.bcl) before being further converted into Fastq files via the CASAVA1.8.2 software.
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8

FACS Isolation and RNA-seq of CD8+ T Regulatory-like Cells

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RNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing were performed at the Health Sciences Sequencing Core at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, as previously described (43 (link)). CD8+CD122+CD49dlo TRLs (500–1000 cells/sample) were isolated by FACS into a plate with lysis buffer. cDNA was generated from cell lysates using the SMART-Seq Ultralow Input RNA Kit (Takara Bio), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cDNA product was checked by an Agilent Fragment Analyzer system for quality control. The sequencing library was constructed by following the Illumina Nextera XT Sample Preparation Guide. One nanogram of input cDNA was tagged and fragmented (“tagmented”) and amplified using the Illumina Nextrera XT kit (15031942). Sequence libraries of each sample were finally equimolarly pooled and sequenced on an Illumina Nextseq 500 system, using a paired-end 75-bp strategy. All RNA-seq data are deposited in the NCBI GEO database.
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9

Metagenome Sequencing and Analysis

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The metagenome was fragmented, tagged, and quantified according to the Nextera XT sample preparation guide (Illumina). Concentration of the pooled library was normalized using the PerfeCta NGS quantification kit. Sequencing was done in-house on a MiSeq platform using V3 chemistry and 300-bp paired-end reads.
Metagenome data mapping and assembly was performed on Geneious (Geneious, Biomatters, New Zealand) (24) following the recommended criteria. De novo assembling of the reads was performed by Geneious Read Mapper (Geneious). MG-RAST metagenome analyzer (25) (Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL) was used to analyze the functional classification in the samples using the SEED (subsystem) database that houses collections of functionally related protein families (26) . The ResFinder program (DTU, Copenhagen, Denmark), an online tool, was used to find antimicrobial resistance genes in the sequences based on the NCBI database (27) . The RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) server using SEED-based annotation was used to identify genes within the contigs built by Geneious (28) . Reference genomes for assembly and annotation were downloaded from the NCBI database.
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