All oligonucleotides were synthesized and HPLC purified by Sangon Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Thermostable Ampligase was obtained from Epicenter Technologies (Madison, WI, U.S.A.), exonuclease I (Exo I) and exonuclease III (Exo III) were purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, U.S.A.), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, bovine serum albumin (BSA), trolox, glucose oxidase, d -glucose, and catalase were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). The streptavidin-coated quantum dots with the maximum emission at 605 nm (Qdot 605 ITK) were obtained from Life Technologies (Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A.). All other reagents were of analytical grade and used just as received without further purification. The ultrapure water was prepared by a Millipore filtration system (Millipore, Milford, MA, U.S.A.).
Millipore filtration system
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
The Millipore filtration system is a laboratory equipment designed for the filtration of various liquids. It utilizes a membrane-based technology to remove particulates, microorganisms, and other contaminants from the sample. The system is suitable for a range of applications that require high-purity liquid separation and sample preparation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Catalase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Exonuclease 3 exo 3, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions)
Qdot 605 itk, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Exonuclease 1 exo 1, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions)
Thermostable ampligase, by Illumina (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucose oxidase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium thiocyanate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium cyanate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cucl2 2h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoniazid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using millipore filtration system
1
Quantum Dot-based Single-molecule Assay
2
Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA/45S5 Bioactive Glass Composite
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All chemicals used for the synthesis were reagent grade and were used without further purification. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), (LA/GA = 75:25, Mw = 7000–17,000) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The 45S5BGs particles (Actimins) were purchased from Datsing Bio-tech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), with the following weight composition: 45 SiO2, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, and 6.05 P2O5. The particle size of most 45S5BGs is approximately in the range of 1–20 µm, and 5% of the particles are less than 1 µm in diameter. Tetraphenylethylene-naphthalimide+ (TPE-NIM+) was designed and synthesized as described in our previous studies [25 (link),26 (link),34 (link)]. The synthesis routes were shown in Scheme 2 . The chemical structure was then characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Jeol JNM-ECZS 400 MHz, Akishima, Japan) in DMSO-d6 at room temperature. The Millipore filtration system (Billerica, MA, USA) was used for water purification. P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and S. mutans (ATCC 25175) strains were obtained from Shanghai Bioresource Collection Center (Shanghai, China).
3
Isolation and Cultivation of Marine Microalgae
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Samples were previously collected from Rarotonga, Cook Islands [18 (link),29 (link)], North Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands [5 ,30 (link)], Northland, New Zealand [15 (link)], and New South Wales, Australia (Larsson et al., in preparation). Cultures were either maintained in the CICCM or maintained in temperature controlled cabinets at Cawthron Institute, for further research. The growth medium was sea water (UV treated and filtered down to 0.22 μm, using a Millipore filtration system) and f2 medium (final f2 conc. 25%) [31 ]. The culture conditions were 25 °C ± 2 °C and 40–70 μmol m−2 s−1 photon irradiance (12:12 h L:D).
4
Cultivation of Gambierdiscus cheloniae Strain
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Gambierdiscus cheloniae CAWD232 collected from Rarotonga, The Cook Islands, in 2014, was cultured at 25 °C (±2 °C), 40–70 µmol m−2 s−1 photon irradiance (12:12 h light:dark cycle) [46 (link)]. The isolate was grown in f2/seawater (1:3; UV treated and filtered down to 0.22 µm using a Millipore filtration system; Millipore, Toronto, Canada) [47 (link)]. Consecutive 5 L monoclonal cultures (total of 100 L), equating to 1.6 × 108 cells, were harvested during the stationary phase of the growth cycle by centrifugation (3200× g, 10 °C, 10 min; Eppendorf 5810 R, Hamburg, Germany).
5
Gelled lipid emulsions for CHL delivery
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MCT (Myglyol, Oxi-med expres) (99.9% of purity) and CO (Koipesol Asua, Deoleo, Spain) were used as a lipid phase. Sunflower oil, which was kindly donated by Borges (Lleida, Spain), was the dispersant in droplet size measurements. GS (Imwitor® 491) with a purity of 96.7% (0.8% free glycerol and 95.9% monoglycerides) was used to formulate the gelled lipid phases. PGPR from castor oil (Grinsted®, DuPont Danisco NHIB Iberica S. L, Barcelona, Spain) was utilized as lipophilic emulsifier. Tween 80 (Lab Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) and L-α-soybean lecithin, acquired from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher Scientific, GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany), were used as food-grade hydrophilic emulsifiers. CHL (coppered trisodium salt) with a molecular weight of 724.15 g/mol, copper contain of 3.5–6.5% and a purity of ≥95% was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher Scientific, GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium alginate (MANUCOL®DH) was obtained from FMC Biopolymer Ltd. (Scotland, UK). NaCl POCH S.A. (Gliwice, Poland) was added to both of the inner and outer aqueous phases of the system, in order to adjust the osmotic pressure balance between the aqueous phases. Ultrapure Milli-Q water obtained from a Millipore filtration system (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for the preparation of all W1/O/W2 and solutions.
6
Vacuum-Assisted Filtration for Repeatability
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Instead of manual filtration, vacuum-assisted filtration was preferred to improve the repeatability of the filtration process. A Millipore® filtration system by Merck KGaA was used. A Büchner flask was used to collect the filtrate. The Büchner flask was connected with rubber tubing to a vacuum pump that created a partial vacuum in the flask and realized a repeatable differential pressure. The membranes were touched with tweezers only and dropped onto the porous plate (47 mm). The Büchner funnel was fixed with a spring clamp, and the suspension decanted into the Büchner funnel. The suspensions were filtered for one minute. A suspension sample (1.5 mL) was taken for DLS measurement of the recently prepared suspension before the filtration procedure, and a sample of the filtrate was taken after each filtration step. Filtrations with 0.20 µm and 0.10 µm were carried out only if the results were expected to be meaningful.
7
Synthesis of Copper(II) Isoniazid Complexes
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CuCl2·2H2O, isoniazid (INH), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), and potassium cyanate (KCNO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Methanol was purchased from EMD Millipore Billerica. All the solutions were prepared using deionized water from a Millipore filtration system (EMD Millipore Billerica). The copper(II) complexes [CuCl2(INH)2]·H2O (1), [Cu(NCS)2(INH)2]·5H2O (2), and [Cu(NCO)2(INH)2]·4H2O (3) were synthesized according to Silva et al.15
8
Characterization of Cyclic Peptide cFEE
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The lyophilized sample of the cyclic
peptide cFEE (Scheme 1 , Supplementary Information)
was purchased from Synprosis SA Laboratory (Fuveau, France). Solution
samples were prepared by dissolving the hexapeptide in water taken
from a Millipore filtration system (Merck, Molsheim, France). Stock
solution of the hexapeptide was prepared at 30 mM, that is, ∼21.5
mg/mL. These samples were used in Raman spectroscopic measurements.
Further dilution to lower concentrations was made for other experiments.
Upon dissolution, the pH value of the peptide sample was ∼3;
it was adjusted at higher values by adding NaOH (1 N) to aqueous samples.
Free amino acids (AAs), Ser, Phe, and Glu, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). The concentration of their aqueous
samples used for Raman spectroscopy was 50 mM. The pH of Glu samples
was adjusted to render possible the analysis of the side-chain protonation/deprotonation
by Raman markers. Other used chemicals were also provided by Sigma-Aldrich.
peptide cFEE (
was purchased from Synprosis SA Laboratory (Fuveau, France). Solution
samples were prepared by dissolving the hexapeptide in water taken
from a Millipore filtration system (Merck, Molsheim, France). Stock
solution of the hexapeptide was prepared at 30 mM, that is, ∼21.5
mg/mL. These samples were used in Raman spectroscopic measurements.
Further dilution to lower concentrations was made for other experiments.
Upon dissolution, the pH value of the peptide sample was ∼3;
it was adjusted at higher values by adding NaOH (1 N) to aqueous samples.
Free amino acids (AAs), Ser, Phe, and Glu, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). The concentration of their aqueous
samples used for Raman spectroscopy was 50 mM. The pH of Glu samples
was adjusted to render possible the analysis of the side-chain protonation/deprotonation
by Raman markers. Other used chemicals were also provided by Sigma-Aldrich.
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