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9 protocols using hydrogen tetrachloroaurate 3 trihydrate haucl4 3h2o

1

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Potassium carbonate and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Citrate-stabilized silver colloids (0.02 mg/mL) of 40, 60, and 80 nm diameters were purchased from nanoComposix. Polyethylene glycol was purchased from Laysan Bio, Inc. Water was deionized and filtered by a Milli-Q water system (Millipore).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanostructures

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Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4•3H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.995%, trace metals basis), OAm (Sigma-Aldrich, technical grade, 70%), tert-butylamine-borane complex (Aldrich, 97%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin, anhydrous, 99%), styrene (ReagentPlus®, contains 4-tert-butylcatechol as stabilizer, ≥99%), 2-Cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (chain transfer agent) (Sigma-Aldrich, >97% (HPLC)), 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), hydrazine (Sigma-Aldrich, anhydrous, 98%), and toluene (Sigma-Aldrich, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%) were used in this work.
Polyolefin mixtures were dissolved from VWR high-performance microcentrifuge tubes, PP, 1.5 mL. PP/PE stock solution was prepared by immersing a microcentrifuge tube into 10 mL toluene for 1 week and dissolved polyolefin was weighted after removing the solvent.
Carboxylic acid terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM-COOH, Mn = 6.3 kg mol−1, PDI = 1.4), carboxylic acid terminated polybutadiene (PBd-COOH, Mn = 2.5 kg mol−1, PDI = 1.3), and PS-b-poly(cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PHEMAC, Mn = 29 kg mol−1 for PS, 28 kg mol−1 for PHEMAC, PDI = 1.06) were purchased from Polymer Source Inc.
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3

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), 4-Mercaptopyridine (4 Mpy, 95%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4 · 3H2O, > 99.9%), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was purchased from Calden (Georgetown, Ontario). All reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Milli-Q grade water (18.2 M Ω) was used to prepare all solutions.
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4

Synthesis and Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles

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Silver hexafluorophosphate (98%), potassium hexafluorophosphate (99.5%), N, N, N′, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (98%), anisole, tetrafluoroboranuide (IR 1061, 80%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), and sodium borohydride (96%) silver nitrate (99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol (SH-PEG, average Mw 5000) was purchased from Ruixi Biological Technology (Xi'an, China). Ultrapure water (18.25 MΩ resistivity, 25°C) was used in all experiments. Propidium iodide (PI) dye and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).
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5

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Hydrogen
tetrachloroaurate(III)
trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) was obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), OVA, and sodium cyanide
(NaCN) were collected from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India. All reagent
chemicals were of as-minimum analytical reagent grade and used as
received. Double distilled water was utilized throughout investigation.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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DTX with purity of 98% was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), silver nitrate (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Bovine serum albumin (molecular weight [MW] 66,000 Da) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphoetha-nolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG2k-DSPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and were used as supplied.
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7

Synthesis and Functionalization of Metallic Nanomaterials

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11-Mercaptoundecanol (MCU), 6-mercapto-1-hexanol,
1-octadecanethiol, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), silver nitrate (AgNO3),
3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Zinc nitrate
hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O),
copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were obtained
from SHOWA Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 2-Methylimidazole, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic
acid (BTC), and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were purchased from Acros
Organics (Geel, Belgium). Silicon wafers were purchased from Mustec
Corp. (Hsinchu, Taiwan). The SYLGARD 184 silicone elastomer base and
curing agent were purchased from Dow Corning Co. (Midland, MI). Deionized
(DI) water (>18 MΩ·cm) was obtained from the ELGA PURELAB
classic system (Taipei, Taiwan).
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8

Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization

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Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 304 stainless-steel wire (SS, d = 0.1 mm), platinum wire (Pt, d = 0.1 mm), and silver wire (Ag, d = 0.1 mm) were obtained from Alfa Aesar Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The sample capillary was obtained from Shanghai Dongming Glass instrument Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Double-conductor copper foil tape was obtained by Shenzhen Wangxing Tape Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). The 3M superglue was obtained from 3M China Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). The tomato seeds of one generation hybrid, Shanghai906, were obtained from Lintong Changfeng Vegetable Breeding Farm (Xi’an, China). H2O2 was purchased from Shanghai Zhanyun Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the other chemical reagents were analytical grade. Double distilled water was used in all experiments.
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9

Synthesis of Chitosan-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles

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Very low molecular weight (VLMw) chitosan (molecular weight of 30 kDa, ≥90% deacetylation degree) was purchased from Glentham Life Sciences (Corsham, UK). Low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (molecular weight of 19−250 kDa, deacetylation degree of 75−85%), medium molecular weight (MMW) chitosan (molecular weight of 310 kDa, deacetylation degree of 75−85%) and high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan (molecular weight of 375 kDa, deacetylation degree of >75%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Glacial acetic acid (99.7% purity) used for the preparation of the chitosan solution, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (HAuCl4 ·3H2O) (≥99.9% trace metals basis), methanol (>99.9% purity) and isopropanol (>99.9% purity) were also procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Ultrapure distilled water was obtained from a Merck Millipore Milli-Q purifier system (Darmstadt, Germany).
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