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9 protocols using 3 2 pyridyl 5 6 diphenyl 1 2 4 triazine p p disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate ferrozine

1

Iron Chelation Activity Evaluation

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To evaluate the iron chelation activity by FMRPs, 100 μL of FMRPs (20 mg/mL), 600 μL of distilled water, and 100 μL of 0.2 mM iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, SAMCHUN chemical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) were mixed, and the mixture reacted for 30 sec at room temperature. Subsequently, 200 μL of 0.1 mM Ferrozine (3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p’-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were suspended in the mixture, and the samples reacted for 10 min at room temperature. Thereafter, turbidity of the samples was measured at 562 nm with a UV-spectrophotometer (OPTIZEN 2120UV, Mecasys Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea), and iron chelation activity was calculated as follows;
Absorbance of blank solution was measured with distilled water instead of with samples [15 (link)].
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2

Preparation of High-Purity Fe(II) Solutions

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Ultrapure water (pure water,
resistivity ≥18.2 MΩ cm) was freshly obtained from a
pure water system (Millipore, USA) and used for the preparation of
all solutions. Ferrozine (3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium
salt hydrate) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Bondesil-C18
particles (40 μm) were obtained from Agilent Technologies (USA).
All other chemicals used were of analytical or reagent grade and supplied
by the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (China).
A stock solution
of 10.0 mmol L–1 Fe(II) was prepared by dissolving
ferrous ammonium sulfate in 1 mol L–1 hydrochloric
acid and stored at 4 °C while not in use. Working solutions of
Fe(II) were freshly prepared by diluting the stock solution with pure
water and adding solid ascorbic acid to a concentration of about 0.1
mol L–1 to maintain the redox species of Fe(II).
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3

Enzymatic Extraction and Antioxidant Evaluation

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Protamex and Alcalase L 2.4 FG were purchased from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), extran neutral MA02, (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid [ABTS]), and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Iron (II) sulfate (FeSO4) and 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (Ferrozine) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), sodium ascorbate, hydrochloric acid, methyl linoleate, and tween-20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Hemin was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Ethanol (99.9%) was purchased from Chemethyl A/S (Køge, Denmark), and sodium hydroxide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Renningen, Germany).
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4

Mungbean Meal Antioxidant Assays

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Mungbean meal and bromelain was provided from Sittinun Co., Ltd., Thailand and K-Much-Industry Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Mungbean meal was defatted using hexane based on a previously described method (Sonklin, Laohakunjit & Kerdchoechuen, 2011 (link)). All chemical reagents were of analytical grade. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), glutathione reduced (GSH), 1-10-Phenanthroline, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (ferrozine) and pyrogallol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (MO, USA). All other reagents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA) except stated otherwise.
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5

Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds

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The chemicals, including 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sul-phonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (ferrozine), ferrous chloride, bovine serum albumin, aprotinin, Vitamin B12, hippuril-L-histidyl-Lleucine (HHL), and norleucine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium persulphate and glycine were obtained from Panreac. 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was obtained from Fluka. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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6

Antioxidant Assay Protocol for Bioactives

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Absolute and deuterated methanol, tetramethylsilane (TMS), ascorbic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and gallic acid were procured from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) reagent, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p, p’-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (Ferrozine), (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and quercetin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell culture chemicals and media were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).
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7

Enzymatic Assays for Antioxidant Evaluation

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α-Amylase from hog pancreas (CAS No. 9000-90-2), porcine bile extract (CAS No. 8008-63-7), lipase from porcine pancreas (CAS No. 9001-62-1), mucin from porcine stomach Type II (CAS No. 84082-64-4), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (CAS No. 9001-75-6), crystalline uric acid (≥99%; CAS No. 69-93-2), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt (CAS No. 30931-67-0), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl (DPPH; CAS No. 1898-66-4), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (ferrozine), iron (II) chloride (CAS No. 7758-94-3), and iron (III) chloride (CAS No. 7705-08-0) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA). EDTA-2Na dihydrate (CAS No. 6381-92-6), trichloroacetic acid (TCA; CAS No. 76-03-9), sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (CAS No. 7558-79-4), and sodium phosphate monobasic anhydrous (CAS No. 7558-80-7) were purchased from Daejung Chemicals (Siheung, Korea). Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (CAS No. 13746-66-2) was purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (99.0%) was purchased from Samchun Pure Chemical (Seoul, Korea).
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8

Microalgae Cultivation Media Preparation

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Macronutrients used were NaNO3 (PanReac, Barcelona, Spain) and NaH2PO4·2H2O (Honeywell International Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA), while the trace elements used for media preparation were Na2EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), FeCl3·6H2O (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium), CuSO4·5H2O (Sigma-Aldrich), ZnSO4·7H2O (Sigma-Aldrich), CoCl2·6H2O (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA), MnCl2·4H2O (Acros Organics), Na2MoO4·2H2O (Chem-Lab NV, Zedelgem, Belgium). Cyanocobalamin, Thiamine HCl and Biotin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Chemicals used for analysis were ammonium bicarbonate (Sigma-Aldrich), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) (Honeywell), chloroform HPLC grade (Honeywell), mercury (III) oxide red (Sigma-Aldrich), 2,4,6-tri(2–pyridyl)–s–triazine (TPTZ) (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA), water for analysis (Carlo Erba, Cornaredo, Milan, Italy), methanol HPLC grade (Thermo Fischer Scientific), sodium acetate trihydrate (Merck), acetic acid (PENTA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) (PENTA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH∙) (Sigma-Aldrich), iron (II) chloride anhydrous (Acros organics), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (ferrozine) (Sigma-Aldrich), EDTA-Na2, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) (Acros organics).
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9

Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds

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The chemicals, including 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sul-phonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate (ferrozine), ferrous chloride, bovine serum albumin, aprotinin, Vitamin B12, hippuril-L-histidyl-Lleucine (HHL), and norleucine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium persulphate and glycine were obtained from Panreac. 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was obtained from Fluka. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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