X-ray diffraction
(XRD) patterns were collected on a Unisantis XMD300 powder diffractometer
unit using Cu Kα (λ = 1.5418 Å). FTIR spectra were
recorded using a Bruker α II spectrophotometer in the range
of 400–2000 cm–1. Thermal properties of the
ZHF nanohybrid were determined using an SDT Q600 V20.9 Build 20 instrument
operated under an argon atmosphere at a flow rate of 50 mL/min from
25 to 720 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. The morphologies and
texture of the carbon materials were characterized using a field emission
scanning electron microscope (FESEM) (MIRA3, TESCAN) and a transmission
electron microscope (FEI Tecnai F20 at 200 kV). Elemental analysis
was also performed by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS,
XFlash 6130 detector, Bruker). The surface area and pore size distribution
of the carbon materials were determined using a BELSORP measuring
instrument (BELSORP-mini, Japan, Inc.) using nitrogen gas adsorption–desorption
technique at 77 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurement
was performed on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha X-ray photoelectron spectroscope
using Al Kα and spot size 400 μm.
(XRD) patterns were collected on a Unisantis XMD300 powder diffractometer
unit using Cu Kα (λ = 1.5418 Å). FTIR spectra were
recorded using a Bruker α II spectrophotometer in the range
of 400–2000 cm–1. Thermal properties of the
ZHF nanohybrid were determined using an SDT Q600 V20.9 Build 20 instrument
operated under an argon atmosphere at a flow rate of 50 mL/min from
25 to 720 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. The morphologies and
texture of the carbon materials were characterized using a field emission
scanning electron microscope (FESEM) (MIRA3, TESCAN) and a transmission
electron microscope (FEI Tecnai F20 at 200 kV). Elemental analysis
was also performed by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS,
XFlash 6130 detector, Bruker). The surface area and pore size distribution
of the carbon materials were determined using a BELSORP measuring
instrument (BELSORP-mini, Japan, Inc.) using nitrogen gas adsorption–desorption
technique at 77 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurement
was performed on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha X-ray photoelectron spectroscope
using Al Kα and spot size 400 μm.