For each group, three teeth were prepared in the same manner as for the bond strength test, but without the plastic tubing. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface using a low-speed cutting machine and embedded in epoxy resin at room temperature. After 24 h, the cut surfaces were sequentially polished using 600-, 800-, 1000-, and 1200-grit abrasive paper and 0.5 µm diamond paste (DP-Paste, Struers). The specimens were etched with 10% phosphoric acid solution for 5 s, immersed in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, rinsed with distilled water, dried in an auto-desiccator cabinet for 3 days, sputter-coated with gold (SPI-Module Sputter Coater, SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) and analyzed under the SEM.
Spi module sputter coater
Manufactured by SPI Supplies
Sourced in United States
The SPI-Module Sputter Coater is a laboratory equipment used for depositing thin films of materials onto substrates through the process of sputtering. It is designed to provide a controlled and consistent deposition of materials such as metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics onto a variety of surfaces.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nova 200 nanolab focused ion beam workstation and scanning electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Phenom g2 pro, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dp paste, by Struers (1 mentions)
Phenom pro desktop sem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jsm 5910lv, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Nova nanosem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Zen lite 2012, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Jsm 6510, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Phenom scanning electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jxa 840a, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Jsm 6510la, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Inspect f50, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mcr 102, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
19 protocols using spi module sputter coater
1
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Bonded Tooth Interfaces
2
Scaffold Preparation for SEM Analysis
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On day 21, the cultured scaffolds were washed with PBS and fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M PBS overnight at 4°C. After washing with a mixture of 0.1M PBS and 2% osmium at 26°C for 1 h, they were dehydrated through a series of increasing concentrations of ethanol (50%, 75%, 90%, and 100%) until they reached their critical point of drying using CPD 7501. Dry scaffolds were sputter-coated with SPI-Module Sputter Coater (SPI Supplies, PA, USA) before observation under a scanning electron microscope JSM 661 LV apparatus (Jeol, Japan) at 15 kV [24 (link)].
3
Isolating Sclerotized Hooks from Parasites
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Sclerotized hooks were isolated from adult parasites through enzyme digestion of soft body parts using Proteinase K [200 µg/ml] (see [27 (link)]). Haptors were separated and cut into smaller fragments, rehydrated in distilled water, and placed on a Millipore filter (pore size 0.5 μm). Specimens were then covered with the enzyme solution and incubated at 50 ℃ for 10 to 15 min. Subsequently, distilled water was forced through the filter with a syringe in order to rehydrate specimens and to remove excess salts and debris. Digestion and rehydration steps were repeated seven to eight times until all soft tissue was removed from the hooks. Filter papers with sclerite hooks were dried overnight in a desiccator prior to the SEM analysis. Dried material was mounted on aluminium SEM stubs with carbon tape and sputter-coated for 90 s with gold palladium using a SPI-Module Sputter Coater (Spi Supplies: Westchester, PA, USA). SEM images were captured using a Phenom Pro Desktop SEM (Phenom-World BV., Eindhoven, Netherlands).
4
SEM Failure Mode Analysis of Dental Adhesives
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After testing to failure, all the specimens were sputtercoated with gold (SPI-Module Sputter Coater, SPI supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; JSM-5910LV, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The fractured surfaces were classified into 4 categories 18) : 1. mixed failure (adhesive failure between dentin and resin, as well as cohesive failure within dentin and/or resin); 2. adhesive failure (failure between dentin and resin over 80% of the surface); 3. cohesive failure within dentin (failure in dentin over 80% of the surface); 4. cohesive failure within resin (failure in resin over 80% of the surface). The failure mode data were analyzed using the nonparametric Pearson Chisquare test.
5
Topographical Analysis of CpTi and Y-TZP
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Topographical disc analysis was also determined with SEM analysis (Phenom™ G2 pro, Phenom-World BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). Following gold sputtering (Spi-Module™ Sputter Coater, SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA), three discs of each sample type (sandblasted and untreated CpTi; sandblasted and untreated Y-TZP) were used to obtain images at three randomly selected sites on each disc.
6
Quantifying Bacterial Adhesion on Y-TZP
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Qualitative analysis of bacterial adhesion on treated Y‐TZP discs was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Phenom™ G2 pro, Phenom‐World BV, Netherlands). Bacteria were grown on Y‐TZP discs for 48 h using the protocol described above. After rinsing, attached bacteria were fixed by immersion in 3% glutaraldehyde for 15 min followed by dehydration in graded concentrations of ethanol (25%, 50%, 75%, 95% and 100% ethanol for 5 mins at each concentration). The discs were then immersed in a 1:1 solution containing ethanol and hexamethyldilazane (HMDS) for 15 min followed by 100% HMDS for 5 min before being left to dry inside a fume hood for 24 h. The samples were mounted onto aluminum stubs using conductive carbon tabs before being sputter‐coated with gold (Spi‐Module™ Sputter Coater, SPI Supplies, USA) prior to SEM evaluation. Three areas on each sample were randomly selected for bacterial adhesion evaluation at 10,000× magnification.
7
Morphological Examination of Powder V2 by SEM
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The morphological examination of the fine powder coded V2 was performed by SEM, using the Quanta 200 scanning electron microscope (Philips FEI). V2 powder was chosen due to its highest EE.
The sample was analyzed at a pressure of 60 Pa, in low vacuum mode, while the acceleration voltage of the electrons in the electronic cannon was 15 kV. The powder was fixed on an aluminum tube with the help of a carbon double adhesive tape. The samples were coated with a 7 nm thick layer of gold using an SPI-Module Sputter Coater (SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) with an intensity of 18 mA to increase the conductivity. SEM images were collected at different magnifications between 200 and 10.000X to highlight the microstructures or morphological changes in the powder.
The sample was analyzed at a pressure of 60 Pa, in low vacuum mode, while the acceleration voltage of the electrons in the electronic cannon was 15 kV. The powder was fixed on an aluminum tube with the help of a carbon double adhesive tape. The samples were coated with a 7 nm thick layer of gold using an SPI-Module Sputter Coater (SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) with an intensity of 18 mA to increase the conductivity. SEM images were collected at different magnifications between 200 and 10.000X to highlight the microstructures or morphological changes in the powder.
8
SEM Sample Preparation for Hydrogel Matrices
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Sample preparation for SEM was performed as follows: hydrogel matrices were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (3M), followed by dehydrated in 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 100% ethanol solutions sequentially. The dehydrated matrices were further dried using a freezing dryer (ilshinBioBase, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) overnight. The samples were sputter-coated with gold (SPI-module sputter coater; SPI supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) and observed with a scanning electron microscope (Nova NanoSEM; FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. The mean fiber diameter was estimated by using Image J software and was calculated after selecting 20 single fibers randomly observed on SEM images.
9
Plant Material Preparation for SEM
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The plant material was fixed in FAA (70% ethanol:acetic acid:40% formaldehyde, 90: 5: 5) and washed twice in 70% ethanol and dehydrated in a 1: 1 mixture of 70% ethanol and dimethoxymethan (DMM) for 5 min and in pure DMM for 20 min. After critical-point drying (CPD 030;BAL-TEC AG, Balzers, Liechtenstein), the dried material was mounted on aluminum stubs using Leit-C and coated with gold (SPI Module Sputter Coater; Spi Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA) before observation with a JEOL JSM-6360 SEM (Jeol Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
10
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Microspheres
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was conducted using a SEM Gemini instrument (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany). Dried microspheres were gold coated thrice using an SPI- Module sputter coater (SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, USA): twice in 45-degree angle and once lying flat, prior to SEM imaging. Images of the particles were obtained using a magnification of 10,000–30,000 and were analysed using the Zeiss Zen lite 2012 software (Version 2012, ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany).
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