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14 protocols using rabbit anti giantin

1

Cytoskeleton Disruption and Protein Synthesis Inhibition in HUVECs

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Latrunculin B (Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corp., San Diego, CA, USA) and nocodazole (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) were used as previously described to disrupt actin and microtubule cytoskeleton integrity, respectively [27 (link)]. Cycloheximide (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to inhibit protein synthesis in HUVECs at the concentration of 50 μg/mL.
The following primary antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-CD93 (mAb 4E1) [6 (link)], rabbit anti-MMRN2 (generously provided by M. Mongiat), rabbit anti-CD93 (HPA009300, Atlas Antibodies, Bromma, Sweden), mouse anti-CD93 (MBL International Corporation, Woburn, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Giantin, mouse anti-β1 integrin (12G10), and mouse anti-Rab7 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-Moesin (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), mouse anti-Rab5 (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit anti-CD93 (H-190), mouse anti-COPD (E-12), mouse anti-Sec31A (H-2), mouse anti-β-Adaptin (A-5), mouse anti-Rab5a (E-11), mouse anti-Rab5b (F-9), mouse anti-Rab5c (H-3), mouse anti-β1 integrin (4B7R), mouse anti-Rab11a (D-3), rabbit anti-caveolin-1 (N-20), and mouse anti-MMRN2 (H572) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). Alexa Fluor-488 and -647 phalloidin (Thermo Fisher Scientic) were used for F-actin labeling.
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2

Antibodies for HSV-1 Protein Detection

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The following primary antibodies were used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence and were kindly provided: mouse anti-gD (LP14) and mouse anti-gB (R69), from Tony Minson (University of Cambridge); mouse anti-VP16 (LP1), from Colin Crump (University of Cambridge); mouse anti-gE, from David Johnson (Oregon Health and Science University); and mouse anti-nectin1 (CK6), from Claude Krummenacher (Rowan University, NJ). Our rabbit VP22-specific antibody (AGV031) was described previously (68 (link)). Commercially available antibodies used in this study included mouse anti-V5, mouse anti-gC, mouse anti-β-actin, mouse anti-CD63, rabbit anti-giantin, mouse anti-CHMP4A, and rabbit anti-CHMP4B (all from Abcam); mouse anti-CD71 (Santa Cruz); and mouse anti-γ-tubulin and mouse anti-α-tubulin (Sigma). Goat anti-mouse IRDye 680RD and goat anti-rabbit IRDye 800CW (Li-Cor Biosciences) secondary antibodies were used as appropriate for Western blotting, while Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) were used for immunofluorescence. Endocytic structures were labeled by incubating cells with Texas Red-conjugated transferrin (Invitrogen) or Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated transferrin (Molecular Probes) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml for 30 min. Brefeldin A (Sigma) was used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining for Intracellular Organelles

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Example 5

After labelling of cells described above, Immunofluorescence staining is carried out on scFv-Furin expressing IA2.2 cells, after fixing with about 4% paraformaldehyde for about 20 minutes at room temperature. To detect intracellular antigens, they are permeabilized with about 0.1% Saponin (Sigma) in M1 buffer for about 15 min and stained with mouse anti-TGN46 antibody (Abcam) for about 1 hour in blocking buffer (1 in 500, 5% BSA in M1 buffer), rabbit anti-Giantin (1 in 250) and rabbit anti Lamp-1 antibodies (1 in 250 Abcam) followed by goat anti rabbit-Cy3 conjugated (1 in 1000, Abcam) and goat anti mouse-ALEXA FLUOR®-488 conjugated (1 in 500) secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for about 1 hour respectively. This experiment confirms localization of DNA sensors to different cellular organelles.

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4

Monoclonal Antibody Validation Protocol

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The following monoclonal antibodies were used: mouse anti-TYRP1 (TA99) from ATCC; rat anti-LAMP1 (1D4B) and rat anti-LAMP2 (GL2A7) from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank; mouse anti-PMEL (HMB-45) from Lab Vision; and mouse anti-HA.11 from Covance. Anti-VAMP7 mAb (158.2) and pAb (TG50) have previously been described and validated using Vamp7−/− mice (Danglot et al., 2012 (link)). Polyclonal rabbit antisera to STX13 (Prekeris et al., 1998 (link)) have been previously described, and rabbit anti-Giantin was purchased from Abcam (ab24586). Species-specific secondary antibodies from donkey conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, 594, or 647 or Dylite 488, 594, or 647 used in immuno-FM were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.
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5

Antibody Production and Immunofluorescence Labeling

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Monoclonal mouse to Tn (5F4, IgM), mouse to T (3C9, IgM), mouse to STn (3F1, IgG), mouse to GalNAc-T2 (4C4, IgG) mouse to β4Gal-T1 (2F5, IgG) and polyclonal rabbit to gC-1 (KF922, 1:700) antibodies were produced as previously described [24 (link), 91 (link)]. Rabbit anti-giantin (1:500) and rat anti-GRP94 (1:50) were purchased from Abcam. FITC-conjugated HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin, 1:2000) was from Invitrogen. FITC-conjugated polyclonal rabbit anti-HSV-1 antibody was purchased from DAKO (1:40). Alexa Fluor 488 F(ab')2 fragment of Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (1:500), Alexa Fluor 546 Goat anti-Mouse IgM (μ chain) (1:500) were from Life Technologies. FITC-conjugated polyclonal Goat anti-Mouse antibody (1:100) and TRITC-conjugated Swine anti-Rabbit antibody (1:200) were from DAKO. Alexa Fluor 647 Goat anti-Mouse IgM (μ chain) was purchased from Life Technologies.
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6

Characterization of Caveolin-1 Constructs

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Cav1-GFP, Cav1-mCherry, and Cav1-myc were as described previously15 (link)16 (link). Details of different Cav1 constructs used are described in Supplementary Table S1. Rabbit anti-Cav1 polyclonal antibody (catalog number 610059) and mouse monoclonal (mAb) anti-Cav1 clone 2234 (mAb 2234, catalog number 610494) were purchased from BD Biosciences. Mouse anti-Myc (9B11) was procured from Cell Signaling. Rabbit Anti-Giantin (# ab24586) was purchased from AbCam, whereas mouse anti-Golgin97 (Clone CDF4) was obtained from Thermo Scientific. Mouse anti-Vimentin (# V6389) was purchased from Sigma. Chicken anti-vimentin (Clone Poly 29191) was purchased from Biolegend. Mouse anti-Ubiquitin (Fk2) (# BML-PW8810-0500) and anti-20S proteasome antibodies (# BML-PW8115-0025) were procured from Enzo Life Sciences. Mouse anti-VCP/p97 (# NB120-11433) antibody was purchased from Novus Biological. Anti-GFP antibody (Clone JL8) was purchased from Geneclone. Anti-Beta tubulin antibody E7 was procured from DSHB, UIOWA. MG132, Nocodazole, DMSO and chloroquine were purchased from Sigma. Cycloheximide was procured from MP Biomedicals. VCP/p97 inhibitor DBeQ was procured from Tocris. Lipofectamine 2000 and Prolong Gold anti-fade mounting reagent were obtained from Life Technologies.
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7

Detection of Tg Proteins and Subcellular Localization

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TgGRA3 was detected with rabbit anti-GRA3 antibody (1:500 dilution), which was a gift from Jean-Francois Dubremetz (University of Montpellier, France). HA-tagged proteins were detected with rat anti-HA (1:1000 dilution, Roche, France) or rabbit anti-HA (1:1000 dilution, Cell Signaling-Ozyme, France). Sucrose gradients were analyzed with rabbit anti-giantin (1:1000 dilution, Abcam, France) and rabbit anti-calnexin (1:1000 dilution, Abcam, France), and rabbit anti-GST (1:1000) and anti-ENO2 (1:1000) (Mouveaux et al., 2014 (link)). Secondary antibodies were goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:5000 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-rat IgG (1:2000 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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8

Immunofluorescence analysis of intracellular protein localization

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The following reagents/primary antibodies were used for immunofluorescence analyses: paraformaldehyde solution (10%) (EMS, Hatfield, PA); mouse anti-TfR2, rabbit anti-DMT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit anti-lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), rabbit anti-Giantin, rabbit anti-γ-tubulin, rabbit polyclonal anti-FTL (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); mouse anti-Rab11 (Millipore, Billerica, MA); mouse anti-DDK (4C5) (OriGene Technologies, Rockville, MD). Alexa-594-labeled transferrin, Mitotracker Red, and Alexa-488- or Alexa-594-labeled anti-mouse IgG or anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Mounting medium for fluorescence with DAPI staining was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA).
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9

Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Usage

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The following monoclonal antibodies were used: mouse anti-ubiquitin clone P4D1 (Cytoskeleton, Inc, Denver, CO, USA), mouse anti-β-actin clone BA3R (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), rabbit anti-RAB1A clone D3X9S, mouse anti-GM130 clone 35/GM130, rabbit anti-PSMD14 clone D18C7 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and rabbit anti-ATG9A clone EPR2450(2) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). We used the following polyclonal antibodies: rabbit anti-ubiquitin (cat: Z0458, Dako, Carpintería, CA, USA), rabbit anti-giantin (cat: AB24586, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-LC3 (cat: 2775S, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-APP CT695 (cat: 51-2700, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories (West Grove, PA, USA), and DAPI probe, Alexa and Dylight fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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10

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Parasitized Host Cells

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HFF cells were infected with parasites for 35–40 h. After infection, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.02% glutaraldehyde for 20 min. The cells were then permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, 5% FBS in PBS (pH 7.4) at room temperature for PVM observation. For INV observation, cells were permeabilized with Triton X-100 at 0.1% at 37°C. Primary antibodies were used at dilutions of 1:500 for rabbit or mouse anti-GRA3, 1:1000 for rabbit anti-giantin (Abcam), 1:2000 for rabbit anti-GCC185 (a gift from Dr Suzanne Pfeffer), 1:500 for rat anti-HA (Roche), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-HA (Cell Signaling Technology-Ozyme), and 1:500 for mouse anti-GRA5 (BIOTEM, France). All secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, France) were used at dilutions of 1:1000: goat anti-mouse-Alexa Fluor 488, goat anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 647, goat anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 594, and goat anti-rat-Alexa Fluor 488. Cells were imaged in z-stacks (z=0.389 µm) on Zeiss LSM 780, 880 confocal microscopes at 63× magnification. For quantification of host Golgi orientation, mosaics of 49 fields were generated using a Zeiss Apotome microscope.
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