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6 protocols using rhbmp 7

1

Optimization of rhBMP-7 Formulation

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Prior to the in vivo studies, the biological activity of rhBMP-7 from different manufacturers was determined in an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay in ATDC5 cells, amongst them rhBMP-7 from R&D and ProSpec-Tany. rhBMP-7 from ProSpec-Tany showed the highest biological activity, as shown in Additional file 2, and was further chosen to be employed in the in vivo studies.
rhBMP-7 (CYT-276, ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd) was reconstituted in 60 μl sterile water. This solution was dialyzed against a buffer solution containing 17% sucrose, 20% mannitol, 332 mM glycine, and 0.8% Tween 20, using a slide-A-Lyzer dialysis cassette (66454, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Rockford, IL, USA) with a molecular weight cutoff of 10 kDa overnight with 4 buffer changes. The final solution containing 300 μg of rhBMP-7 (calculated amount) was freeze-dried overnight and reconstituted in sterile water, to achieve a final concentration of 250 μg rhBMP-7 in 40 μl buffer solution containing 1% sucrose, 1.2% mannitol, 20 mM glycine, and 0.05% Tween 20. Activity of the dialysate was shown to be retained in vitro through its capacity to induce ALP production in mice ATDC5 cells. Additional file 2 shows the biologic activity of the dialyzed rhBMP-7 compared with the pre-dialyzed rhBMP-7.
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2

BMP-mediated Smad1/5/8 Phosphorylation

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For BMP stimulation of Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, HK-2 and HEK293 cells were plated on 60 mm plates. At 70 % confluence, cells were washed with 1 x PBS and treated with HK-2 complete medium supplemented with vehicle (4 mM HCl) or increasing concentrations of rhBMP-2, rhBMP-4 (0.5-10 ng/ml) or rhBMP-7 (5-50 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) for 60 min. For rhGrem1 inhibition experiments, HK-2 cells were treated with complete medium supplemented with vehicle (4 mM HCl), 5 ng/ml rhBMP-2, 5 ng/ml rhBMP-4 or 20 ng/ml rhBMP-7 in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of rhGrem1 (5-400 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) for 60 min. rhGrem1 and BMP proteins were co-incubated in complete medium at 37 o C for 15 min prior to adding to cells.To assess the effect of cell associated Grem1, HK-2 cells were pre-treated with HK-2 complete medium supplemented with vehicle (PBS), 25 ng/ml Grem1 (for BMP-2) or 200 ng/ml Grem1 (for BMP-4) for 60 min. The medium was removed and replaced with fresh HK-2 complete medium supplemented with vehicle (4 mM HCl), 5 ng/ml BMP-2 or 5 ng/ml BMP-2 plus 25 ng/ml rhGrem1. A similar approach was employed for BMP-4, with 5 ng/ml BMP-4 and 200 ng/ml rhGrem1 utilized.
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3

Cell Cycle Analysis of NPC Fate

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NPCs were cultured in monolayer with rh-BMP7 and/or rh-FGF9 (50 and 100 ng ml−1, R&D systems) in KSFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 24 h. Cells were fixed in 4% PFA and blocked in 1X PBS containing serum of the secondary antibody species, following which they were incubated in primary antibodies to CCNE1 and PCNA (1:200, Santacruz). Alexa-Fluor-488 (CCNE1) and Alexa-Fluor-568 (PCNA) secondary antibodies were used to visualize the staining. Images (5–8) were taken per well for each condition with a minimum of three biological replicates and three independent experiments (n=3). Pooled images were analysed by Image-J and number of cells positive for G1 (CCNE1+), G1-S (CCNE1+/PCNA+) and S (PCNA+) phases were counted and divided by the total number of DAPI+ nuclei to determine the percentage of cells representing G1, G1-S or S-phase. Data are represented as percentage of G1 or S-phase cells in each condition.
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4

BMP7, FGF9, TAK1i, and JNKi Effects on Protein Signaling

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Isolated E17.5 NPCs were treated with rh-BMP7 or rh-FGF9 (50 and 100 ng ml−1, R&D systems), TAK1i (0.5 μM, Analyticon Discovery) JNKi (10 μM, Calbiochem) in KSFM (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Total protein was extracted as previously described7 (link). Antibodies used were: anti-pTAK1 (Thr184/187), anti-pJNK (Thr183/Tyr185), anti-pJUN (S73), anti-pFOS (S32) (1:1,000, Cell signaling), anti-β-tubulin (1:5,000, Santa Cruz). Protein levels were quantified using FIJI/Image-J software by measuring the integrated density of the indicated proteins normalized to β-Tubulin, the loading control. Average values from two independent experiments (n=2) are indicated in the graph.
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5

Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Assay

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E17.5 NPCs were cultured in monolayer with rh-BMP7 and rh-FGF9 (50 and 100 ng ml−1, R&D systems) in KSFM. Cultures were incubated with 20 μM EdU (Click-iT EdU Alexa-Fluor 488 Imaging Kit, Life Technologies) 4 h after growth factor stimulation and pulse-chased for 20 h. Fixation, permeabilization and Click-iT reaction was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Cultures were incubated with anti-pHH3 (1:100, Cell Signaling) antibody for 1 h and Alexa-Fluor-568 secondary antibody was used to visualize the staining. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (Life Technologies). Images (5–10)were taken per well for each condition with a minimum of three biological replicates from two independent experiments (n=2). Pooled images were analysed by Image-J and number of EdU+ (S-phase) and/or pHH3+ (Mitosis or M-phase) nuclei were counted and divided by the total number of nuclei to determine the percentage of cells in S- and M-phases. Data are represented as percentage of S- or M- phase cells in each condition.
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6

Preparation of Recombinant BMPs

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Commercially available rhBMP-2, rhBMP-4, and rhBMP-7 were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and dissolved in sterilized 4 mM HCl (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) containing 0.2% BSA (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) before use.
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