Doxorubicin hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, Mexico, China

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a powder that can be dissolved in water or other solvents for use in laboratory and clinical settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (22 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (20 mentions) Paclitaxel, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (9 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (8 mentions) Chitosan, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Cisplatin, by Merck Group (7 mentions) N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Chloroform, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (6 mentions) Propidium iodide, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) 4 dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Etoposide, by Merck Group (5 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Doxorubicin (1339 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (69 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) (12 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (D1515) (7 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Doxo) (4 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride® powder (4 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) (3 citations) Hydrochlorides (2 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride solution (2 citations) Doxorubicin hydrochloride salt (2 citations)

284 protocols using doxorubicin hydrochloride

Cardiac and Bone Tumor Cell Assays

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Cardiac tissues were studied using caffeine (50 mM in water; Sigma-Aldrich), amiodarone hydrochloride (2.418 μM in DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich), isoproterenol hydrochloride (a series of drug concentrations in water; Sigma-Aldrich), or doxorubicin hydrochloride (1 μM in DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich), all diluted in RPMI Medium 1640 supplemented with B-27™. Response to isoproterenol was analyzed 10 minutes after exposure to 1 mM isoproterenol hydrochloride, diluted in RPMI Medium 1630 supplemented with B27™.
ES bone tumor cell lines and tissues were studied using either doxorubicin hydrochloride (10 mM in water; Sigma-Aldrich), linsitinib (OSI-906) (various concentrations in DMSO; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), all diluted in either non-metastastic media (RPMI Medium 1640, 10% FBS, 1% PenStrep) or metastatic media (EMEM, 10% FBS, 1% PenStrep).
Both tissues were treated with linsitinib, dissolved at a 10 mM concentration in DMSO (Corning) and mixed in with the respective cell medium at a 12 mM concentration unless otherwise noted. Vehicle treatments involved just the addition of DMSO at identical volumes as a control. Tissues were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Medium was changed every day.

Chramiec A., Teles D., Yeager K., Marturano-Kruik A., Pak J., Chen T., Hao L., Wang M., Lock R., Tavakol D.N., Lee M.B., Kim J., Ronaldson-Bouchard K, & Vunjak-Novakovic G. (2020). Integrated human organ-on-a-chip model for predictive studies of anti-tumor drug efficacy and cardiac safety. Lab on a chip, 20(23), 4357-4372.

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Stimuli-Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 99%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm, 97%), acrylamide (AAm, 98%), 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS, 98%) azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%), and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), tetrahydrofuron (THF, 99%), toluene (98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃, 98%) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MO, USA. All the chemicals were used as received. Human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 (Korea cell line bank, Seoul, Republic of Korea), were purchased and used for this study.

Thirupathi K., Santhamoorthy M., Radhakrishnan S., Ulagesan S., Nam T.J., Phan T.T, & Kim S.C. (2023). Thermosensitive Polymer-Modified Mesoporous Silica for pH and Temperature-Responsive Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 15(3), 795.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Cu(I) Nanoparticles

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Cu (I) Cl, diphenylphosphine (DPP), chloroform, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide were purchased from Kanto chemicals, Japan. Octadecene and tri-n-butyl phosphine (TBP) were purchased from Tokyo chemical industry, Japan. Te powder, doxorubicin hydrochloride, DCFH-DA and live/dead cell double staining kit were purchased from Aldrich. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG-Amine) was from Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabama. Alamar blue, Alexafluor Annexin-V 561 and ROS tracer were from Invitrogen. Anti Ki-67 antibody and its secondary antibody were purchased from abcam. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

Poulose A.C., Veeranarayanan S., Mohamed M.S., Aburto R.R., Mitcham T., Bouchard R.R., Ajayan P.M., Sakamoto Y., Maekawa T, & Kumar D.S. (2016). Multifunctional Cu2−xTe Nanocubes Mediated Combination Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant MDA MB 453. Scientific Reports, 6, 35961.

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Comprehensive Pharmacological Toolkit

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The following drugs were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA): cisplatin (cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum), cyclophosphamide (hydrate), epothilone B, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, lovastatin (lovastatin hydroxy acid, sodium salt), rapamycin, and tamoxifen. Compounds obtained from Millipore Sigma included: doxorubicin hydrochloride, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and methotrexate.

Khandelwal Gilman K.A., Han S., Won Y.W, & Putnam C.W. (2021). Complex interactions of lovastatin with 10 chemotherapeutic drugs: a rigorous evaluation of synergism and antagonism. BMC Cancer, 21, 356.

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Chemotherapeutic and Anticancer Compound Acquisition

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The following drugs were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA): cisplatin (cis Diammineplatinum hydrochloride), cyclophosphamide (hydrate), epothilone B, etoposide, 5-uorouracil, lovastatin (lovastatin hydroxy acid, sodium salt), rapamycin, and tamoxifen. Compounds obtained from Millipore Sigma included: doxorubicin hydrochloride, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and methotrexate.

Gilman K.K., Han S., Won Y., & Putnam C.W. (2020). Complex Interactions of Lovastatin with 10 Chemotherapeutic Drugs: A Rigorous Evaluation of Synergism and Antagonism.

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Anticancer Drugs Combination Treatment

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Doxorubicin hydrochloride (#D1515), vincristine, and insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2, #I2526) were purchased from Merck. Irinotecan (#S2217), MK-2206, capivasertib (AZD5363), alpelisib (HY-15244), nilotinib (S1033), pazopanib (S3012), and ponatinib (S1490) were purchased from Selleckchem. Everolimus (RAD001, SRP020750e) was purchased from Sequoia Research Products, etoposide was purchased from Sandoz and AVE 1642 from Immunogen. D-188514, an ifosfamide analog that does not require metabolic activation, was purchased from Niomech. The PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 was kindly provided by Novartis. Trabectedin (ET-743) was kindly provided by PharmaMar. Working dilutions of all drugs were prepared immediately before use.

Carrabotta M., Laginestra M.A., Durante G., Mancarella C., Landuzzi L., Parra A., Ruzzi F., Toracchio L., De Feo A., Giusti V., Pasello M., Righi A., Lollini P.L., Palmerini E., Donati D.M., Manara M.C, & Scotlandi K. (2021). Integrated Molecular Characterization of Patient-Derived Models Reveals Therapeutic Strategies for Treating CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma. Cancer Research, 82(4), 708-720.

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Antibody-Conjugated Quantum Dot Nanocarriers

Cited 1 time

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The chemicals, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[18 (link)] (DSPE-PEG2000) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)2000] (DSPE-PEG2000-mal), were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipid, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab, Erbitux^®) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). QDs were purchased from ZEUS (Hwaseong, Republic of Korea). The PD-10 column and sepharose CL-4B were purchased from Amersham Bioscience (Uppsala, Sweden). Ultra-4 30 K MWCO was purchased from Amicon (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was supplied by Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Doxorubicin hydrochloride was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Vyrant DiO Cell-Labeling Solution was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

Choi M.J., Lee Y.K., Choi K.C., Lee D.H., Jeong H.Y., Kang S.J., Kim M.W., You Y.M., Im C.S., Lee T.S, & Park Y.S. (2023). Tumor-Targeted Erythrocyte Membrane Nanoparticles for Theranostics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 350.

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Antibody and siRNA Reagents for Cell Biology

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The primary antibodies against α‐tubulin (#G1417), β‐actin (#sc‐47778), AXL (#sc‐166269), PARP (#J2215), YAP (#sc‐101199) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against cleaved Caspase 3 (#9661), E‐cadherin (#3195), Flag (#14793), phospho‐YAP (#4911s) and Smad4 (#46535) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). TGFβ (#cyt‐716) was purchased from PROSPEC (Ness‐Ziona, Israel). SB‐431542 (#HYY‐10431) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (#44583) was purchased from MERCK (Burlington, MA, USA). Y‐27632 (#1293823) was purchased from Biogems (Westlake Village, CA, USA). Small interfering (si)RNA targeting Negative Control (#SN‐1003) and the others (listed at Tables S1 and S2) were obtained from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea).

Choi J., Lee H., Kwon E., Kong H., Kwon O, & Cha H. (2020). TGFβ promotes YAP‐dependent AXL induction in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer cells. Molecular Oncology, 15(2), 679-696.

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Culturing Doxorubicin-Resistant CLBL-1 Cells

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CLBL-1 was kindly provided by Dr. Barbara C. Rütgen’s laboratory (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Australia). The cells were grown in RPMI medium at 37°C with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Caisson, USA) in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. CLBL-1 8.0, a doxorubicin-resistant CLBL-1 established in our previous study (Chen et al., 2019), was maintained in RPMI containing 10% FBS and 8 μM of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Merck, Germany).

Hsu C.H., Tomiyasu H., Liao C.H, & Lin C.S. (2021). Genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA-seq analyses identify genes and pathways associated with doxorubicin resistance in a canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line. PLoS ONE, 16(5), e0250013.

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Chitosan-based Doxorubicin Delivery System

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4-(Bromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid (97%), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (98%), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 99%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP, 99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Potassium carbonate (99.995%) and chitosan (75% deacetylation) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and Loba Chemie respectively. Acetic acid (99–100%) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (98%) were procured from Merck. Aluminium powder (99.5%) and magnesium silicate were acquired from Kemphasol and Spectrochem respectively. Sodium hydroxide, 2,2′,2′′,2′′′-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraAcetic acid (EDTA) were procured from Fisher Scientific.

Nisar S., Pandit A.H., Wang L.F, & Rattan S. (2020). Strategy to design a smart photocleavable and pH sensitive chitosan based hydrogel through a novel crosslinker: a potential vehicle for controlled drug delivery. RSC Advances, 10(25), 14694-14704.

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