Dimethylformamide dmf

The monomers N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-tert-butylacrylamide (NtBAM) were used as acquired by Fluorochem (Derbyshire, UK) and Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), respectively. Potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS, Fluorochem, Derbyshire, UK), 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (ET HCl, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt, Fluka, NC, USA) were used as received. Dimethylformamide (DMF, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Panreac, IL, USA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Panreac, IL, USA), deuterated water (D₂O, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as obtained by the provider without purification. Ultrapure water was received by an ELGA Medica-R7/15 device (ELGA Labwater, IL, USA).
Sodium alginate (NaALG, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, no. 180947, molecular weight range: 120,000–190,000 g/mol, the ratio of mannuronic and guluronic units (M/G): 1.53) was further purified (a solution of 7% w/v NaALG in NaOH (0.005 M) was repeatedly purified by dialysis against ultrapure water (membrane MWCO: 12,000–14,000 Da), and the final NaALG product was obtained in its solid-state through lyophilization.

1-(3-aminopropyl)silatrane, SIL M, was prepared according to a procedure described in reference [11 (link)]. 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (Merck-Schuchardt) >98%, Acetonitrile (ACN) (Aldrich), chloroform (CHCl₃) (Aldrich), dichloromethane (DCM) (Aldrich), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Aldrich), methanol (Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Aldrich) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), Human Serum Albumin (HSA, 66.5 kDa, lyophilized powder, 96%) (Alpha-Aesar) were used as received.

PLA(LX175^®) purchased from Filabot Co., Ltd. (Barre, VT, USA) and PEG-PPG-PEG (Pluronic^® F-108) purchased from Sigma Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as a polymer, which is a major component of the flat-sheet nanofibrous adsorbents; additionally, SiO₂ purchased from Sigma Aldrich, which is a nanomaterial to be incorporated, was used. To prepare a solution for electrospinning, the following materials, as a solvent, were used: dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethylformamide (DMF) purchased from Sigma Aldrich without purification. To check the adsorption of heavy metal’s remove ability, used copper sulfate and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Additionally, all water used in this study was deionized water.

Fresh leaves, stems, seeds and roots of M. oleifera were collected from the Moringa Planting Base, located at the Chengmai Jinma Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China on 24 February 2018. All the materials were freeze-dried once collected from the tree. All the samples were blended (Blender Philips HR2095/3) into powder separately and stored in −20 °C. A voucher specimen (voucher No: lm2013042304) was deposited in the Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Academy of Science in Haikou, China.
Methanol, ethyl acetate (EA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), acetic acid, dimethylformamide (DMF), sodium sulfide (Na₂S·9H₂O), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, purity > 98%) and myrosinase (β-thioglucosidase, T4528-25 UN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Vivantis Technologies Sdn. Bhd. (Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia).

Poly(ethylene oxide-b-6-(4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yloxy)hexylmethacrylate), PEO(5.0 kg/mol)-b-PMA/CB (4.5 kg/mol) (PDI = 1.15) was supplied by Polymer Source (Montreal, QC, Canada). The material was purified from ionic impurities by triple extraction in a dichloromethane/water mixture, and then thoroughly vacuum dried at 100 °C. Final drying and all subsequent preparation steps including the assembly of conductivity, SAXS and DSC cells were performed inside a glovebox (<4 ppm O2, <1 ppm H₂O). Lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) (battery grade, 99.99%) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) (anhydrous, 99.8%) were used, as received from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).