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94 protocols using in vivo imaging system

1

In Vivo Biodistribution of GCH-cy5 and Pm-GCH-cy5

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Initially, 100 μl GCH-cy5 and Pm-GCH-cy5 (H, 1 mg/ml) were injected through the tail vein of SRNS mice. The SRNS mice were anesthetized at 6, 24, and 48 h after injection and imaged with the In Vivo Imaging System (PerkinElmer, USA). Meanwhile, mice were euthanized at 6, 24 and 48 h after injection. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain were collected for fluorescence imaging by an In Vivo Imaging System (PerkinElmer, USA).
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2

Intratumoral ROS Measurement via DCFH-DA

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Intratumor production of ROS was measured by oxidation of DCFH-DA. DCFH-DA is a nonpolar compound that can readily diffuse into cells, where it is hydrolyzed to the nonfluorescent polar derivative, DCFH, and thereby trapped within cells. If DCFH is oxidized, it turns into the highly fluorescent DCF. After the mice were euthanized, tumors were incubated in the dark for 30 min at 37°C with 10 μM DCFH-DA (Biyuntian, #S0033, China). After incubation, the tumors were washed with PBS and analyzed within 30 min by in vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer, USA). The specific fluorescence signals corresponding to DCHF-DA were collected at 525 nm.
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3

Northern Blot Analysis of RNA

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RNA was isolated in the same manner and under the same conditions as for the NGS experiments. Northern blots were performed using the DIG Northern Starter kit (Roche, Switzerland). Primers to generate DIG (digoxygenin) labeled probes are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. For preparation of the probes, electroblotting, crosslinking, hybridization and detection, the manufacturer’s protocol was followed, except that electroblotting was performed using polyacrylamide gels and that for crosslinking EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) was used [35 (link)]. After exposure to CDP-Star (included in the DIG Northern Starter kit), luminescence activity of the hybridized probes was measured using an In-Vivo Imaging System (PerkinElmer, USA).
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Xenograft and Metastasis Models of Gastric Cancer

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Male 4-week BALB/c nude mice (Charles River, Beijing, China) were fed in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment. For the preparation of a xenograft model of subcutaneous GC, 5 × 106 luc-MGC-803 cells were resuspended in serum-free DMEM and mixed with same volume of Matrigel. The mixture was subcutaneously injected into the mouse right flanks. The diets of NC group and fasting mimic diet (FMD) group were designed according to the study of Weng et al. [11 (link)]. The longest diameters (lengths) and shortest diameters (widths) of tumors were recorded every 7 days. Tumor volume = (length × width2) /2. For the investigation of GC metastasis, 2 × 106 luc-MGC-803 cells were resuspended in phosphate buffered saline. They were then carefully injected into tail veins. After 30 days, tumors in the two models were imaged by In Vivo Imaging System (Perkin Elmer, MA, USA). Nude mice were euthanized by CO2 asphyxia and subcutaneous tumors were harvested for further determination of lactate acid concentration. This animal experiment was authorized by the ethics committee of Animal Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.
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5

Imaging Lipid Peroxidation in Mangoes

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A pre-clinical in-vivo imaging system (Perkin Elmer, USA) and a highly sensitive charge-coupled camera (CCD) were used to detect alterations in the cellular membrane caused by lipid peroxidation. Fruits of cv. Keitt after cold quarantine was re-acclimatized for 2 h in the dark prior to in-vivo imaging system evaluation. Oxidative degradation of lipids was recorded at 640–770 nm wavelength emitted for 20 min as proposed by29 (link),36 (link). Data were recorded for three biological replications, and one representative picture is presented.
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6

Xenograft Tumor Model for Bioluminescence Imaging

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106 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 5-week-old nude (nu/nu) female mice (Janvier). Bioluminescence was quantified using the In Vivo Imaging System (Perkin Elmer) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Tumor volume (v = × l2 × 0.52) was determined with a caliper. A linear relationship exists between values for bioluminescence and the tumor volume. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Our experiments were approved by the “Direction de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale (DASS)” of the Principality of Monaco and the ethic committee of our Institute.
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7

In vivo and ex vivo BLI Protocols

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BLI was performed with an in vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). coelenterazine was first dissolved in methanol (5 mg/mL) and then diluted to 1 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline without calcium chloride or magnesium chloride. Before imaging, the fur covering the regions of interest was removed with a commercial electrical razor. For in vivo luciferase imaging, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) with 5 mg/kg body weight of coelenterazine (Yeasen, Shanghai, China). The mice were anesthetized with 2.5–3.5% isoflurane in an anesthesia box for 5 min and then transferred to the imaging chamber. The mice were imaged continuously at 1-min intervals, with the total imaging time dependent on the experiment. All in vivo images were quantified with Living Image Software (PerkinElmer). For ex vivo imaging, freshly isolated organs and tissues were placed into 12-well culture plates containing chilled phosphate-buffered saline and subjected to BLI under the following settings: sensor-exposure time, 60 s; binning, 4; and speed index, 1.
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8

In Vivo Tumor Monitoring and Cytokine Analysis

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Mice were monitored daily for signs of tumor progression and evaluation of body weight. For in vivo imaging study, mice were anesthetized by isoflurane, i.p. injected with luciferin (150 µg/g body weight), and imaged 6 min later with 30 s exposure length using in vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer). The luminescent images were analyzed using Living Image V.4.4 software.
After mice euthanasia, peritoneal cells were removed aseptically and supernatants (ascites fluids) were collected for cytokines measurement. Luciferase activity was measured on peritoneal cell samples and on diaphragm and peritoneal membrane with a luminometer (EnVision, PerkinElmer). The volume of ascites fluid was determined by aspirating with a needle and syringe.
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9

ICG Biodistribution Imaging Protocol

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A total of 5 mg/kg ICG was intravenously injected and images were taken at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 120 min after injection using an in vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer).
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10

Leukemia Xenograft Mouse Model

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The luciferase expressing, BCR-ABL1+Arf−/− B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia line was originally provided by Dr. Richard Williams (20 (link)–23 ). Leukemia cells were transduced with lentiviruses expressing non-silencing control shRNA (shNS) or shRNA against Ppp3r1, which encodes the essential regulatory subunit of calcineurin (shCnB), with over 90% knockdown as previously described (14 (link)). A total of 5×105 cells were transferred via tail vein injection into un-irradiated, 6–8 week-old, female wild type (WT) or immune compromised recipients. After intraperitoneal injection of luciferin and anesthesia with inhaled isoflurane, leukemia burden was measured by the In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) manufactured by Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA). Mice were removed from the study and euthanized when ill-appearing or the luciferase signal exceeded 108 photons/second, whichever came first. Cyclosporine was administered via oral gavage at 25mg/kg/dose daily, as previously described (13 (link)). Anti-CD8 (clone 2.43) and anti-CD4 (clone GK1.5) were purchased from Bio X Cell (West Lebanon, NH). Recombinant murine IL-12-p70 was purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ).
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