PLA (4032D) used in this research was obtained from Nature Works, USA. It had high optical purity with about 98% l -lactide content and the density of 1.24 g cm−3, respectively. POE-g-GMA was purchased from Fine-blend Compatibilizer Jiangsu Co. Ltd., China. It had the melt flow rate of 2.0–2.5 g/10 min (190 °C, 2.16 kg), the density of 0.88 g cm−3, and the grafted ratio of 0.8–1.2 wt%.
Pla 4032d
Manufactured by NatureWorks
Sourced in United States
PLA (4032D) is a polylactic acid-based polymer manufactured by NatureWorks. It is a white, opaque, semi-crystalline resin. PLA (4032D) is designed for use in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
D lactide, by NatureWorks (1 mentions)
Titanium tetrabutoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Joncryl adr 4468, by BASF (1 mentions)
Ecoflex f blend c1200, by BASF (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride edac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride chx, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide nhs, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Joncryl adr 4368c, by BASF (1 mentions)
Pla 4060d, by NatureWorks (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Petroleum ether, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Methylbenzene, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane dcm, by Chron Chemicals (1 mentions)
D lactide, by Jinan Daigang Biomaterial (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin solution, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Diiodomethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
30 protocols using pla 4032d
1
PLA-POE-g-GMA Polymer Blending
2
Multifunctional Composite Biomaterial Fabrication
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The rGO platelets were obtained from Tianyuanda Graphite Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China), while multi-walled carbon nanotubes (XFM22) were supplied by Nanjing XFNano Material Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The impurity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was less than 5%, in which the number of walls was 23–25. PLA (4032D) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, 85A) were, respectively, purchased from NatureWorks, Blair, NE, USA and BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Three kinds of solvents, N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethanol were all obtained from Tianjin Fuyu Chemical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. Tannic acid (TA) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were separately purchased from Tianjin Fushen Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tinajin, China) and Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China).
3
Antimicrobial Efficacy of PLA-CA Blends
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PLA (4032D) was purchased from NatureWorks LLC (USA). CA (degree of acetylation 38–40%), dichloromethane (DCM), and dimethylformamide (DMF) were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (China). MC was obtained from Cangzhou Jincang Chemicals, Ltd (China). All chemicals were used directly without any further purification. The bacterial strains used in this study were S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 25922).
4
Biodegradable Polymer Coating for K3 Carrier
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The carrier was K3 (Texture: polyethylene, diameter: 30 mm, MBBR, MIER Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China). The biodegradable polymer was PLA (4032D, Nature works Co. Ltd., Blair, NE, USA). The dosage of PLA was 0.89% by mass to treat K3 per ton. NaOH and CH2Cl2 were purchased from Chemical Reagent Company, Tianjin, China. Activated sludge was acquired from Beibei Municipal Wastewater Plant (Chongqing, China). The physical and chemical properties of materials are shown in Table 1 .
5
Biodegradable Polymer Blends: Mechanical Evaluation
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Recycled PP, with reference PP1B, has been supplied by Acteco (Ibi, Spain), PLA 4032D by NatureWorks LLC (Minnetonka, MN, USA), TPS Mater Bi by Novamont (Novara, Italy) and PHB P226 by Biomer (Krailling, Germany).
The blends were made by mixing PP with different percentages of biodegradable polymers, that ranged from 0 to 15 wt.%, as can be seen in theTable 1 , in a twin screw extruder (Dupra S.L., Castalla, Spain), processed at a temperature range of 200–220 °C at 50 rpm. The blend samples were then injected by an injection molding process using a Babyplast estandar 6.6 (Cronoplast S.L., Albrera, Spain) machine with a mold with normalized sample dimensions for tensile test according to ISO-527-2, specifically 5A samples.
The blends were made by mixing PP with different percentages of biodegradable polymers, that ranged from 0 to 15 wt.%, as can be seen in the
6
Conductive Polymer Composite Fabrication
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PLA (4032D) was obtained from Natureworks, LLC (Minnetonka, MN, US). The recycled high-density polyethylene (MFI: 10 g/10 min, 190 °C, 2.16 kg) without any filler was obtained from the Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China. A special electrically conductive grade of carbon black (CB) ENSACO 250 G from Timcal (Willebroek, Belgium), which was suitable for incorporation in thermoplastic polyolefin material, was used as electrically conductive filler.
7
Characterization of PLA 4032D Polymer
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PLA 4032D containing around
2%d -lactide (Mw = 2.23 ×
105 g/mol and Mn = 1.06 ×
105 g/mol) was provided by NatureWorks (USA). The Nile
Red dye (NR, C20H18N2O2) and 1,4-dioxane (C4H8O2) were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All chemicals were analytical
grade and used as received without further purification. The glass
fiber with a diameter of ∼10 μm was used without surface
modification.
2%
105 g/mol and Mn = 1.06 ×
105 g/mol) was provided by NatureWorks (USA). The Nile
Red dye (NR, C20H18N2O2) and 1,4-dioxane (C4H8O2) were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All chemicals were analytical
grade and used as received without further purification. The glass
fiber with a diameter of ∼10 μm was used without surface
modification.
8
Encapsulation of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum
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PLA (4032D) was purchased from NatureWorks LLC. (Minnetonka, MN, USA). Dichloromethane (DCM) and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) were obtained from TianJin Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. (TianJin, China). Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Rhodamine 123, and de Man−Rogosa−Sharpe (MRS) medium were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum 1.0665) were donated by the College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (Harbin, China).
9
Fabrication of PLA/BA Composite Materials
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The PLA used in this work was a commercial grade (PLA 4032D) purchased from NatureWorks LLC (Minnetonka, MN, USA), with a melt flow index (MFI) of 6 g/10 min (2.16 kg load) at 190 °C and a density of 1.23 g cm−3, while the BA powder was of a commercial grade manufactured by SASOL, under the trade name Dispersal 40, containing 80% Al2O3, donated by SASOL Germany. DCP was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Johannesburg, South Africa), with a molecular weight of 270.37 g/mol, density of 1056 g/mL, vapor pressure of 15.4 mmHg, and a melting point between 39 and 41 °C, the chain extender Joncryl ADR 4368 CS was donated by BASF South Africa. The chemical structures of DCP and Joncryl are shown in Figure 1 .
10
Synthesis of Flame Retardant Composite
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PLA (4032D, 0.3 g/10 min) was purchased from Nature Works LLC (Minnetonka, MN, USA), the flame retardant HABP-DOPO was synthesized and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,2′-biphenyldiol and DMF were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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