Malvidin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, France, China

Malvidin is a laboratory instrument used for the analysis and detection of various compounds. It operates on the principle of spectrophotometry, allowing for the measurement of the absorption or transmission of light through a sample. The core function of Malvidin is to provide quantitative and qualitative data about the composition and concentration of substances in a sample.

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Lab products found in correlation

Delphinidin, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Pelargonidin, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Catechin, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Epicatechin, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Peonidin, by Merck Group (7 mentions) P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Petunidin, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Myricetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Rutin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Cyanidin 3 o glucoside, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Kaempferol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Epigallocatechin gallato, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Malvidin-3-O-glucoside (26 citations) Malvidin-3-glucoside (10 citations) Malvidin chloride (9 citations) Malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (7 citations) Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (2 citations) Malvidin 3-O-galactoside (2 citations) Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (2 citations) Malvidin-3-5-O-diglucoside (2 citations)

23 protocols using malvidin

Characterization of Fruit Bioactive Compounds

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Raw material and chemical reagents.
The raw material, apple (cv. Fuji), and grape (cv. País) were collected from the local market (Chillán, Chile 2019). The chemical reagents were used for the different analyses: NaHCO₃, NaCl, KCl CaCl₂·2 H₂ O, K₂ HPO₄, HCl, Folin-Ciocalteu, gallic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine, chloroform, anhydrous citric acid were acquired from Merck, Germany. Also, mucin, α-amylase, pepsin, pancreatin, bile salts, delphinidin, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallato, malvidin, p-coumaric acid, cyaniding, Tween-20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Syringe tip 45 filters µm PTFE from Merck Millipore, Ireland, were used. Ultrapure water was obtained using a Thermo, Scientific filter.

Pavez-Guajardo C., Ferreira S.R., Mazzutti S., Guerra-Valle M.E., Sáez-Trautmann G, & Moreno J. (2020). Influence of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant Activity of Enriched Apple Snacks with Grape Juice. Foods, 9(11), 1681.

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Phenolic Profile Analysis of Food Samples

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The following chemicals were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy): acetic acid, acetonitrile, citric acid, ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu’s Reagent (FCR), n-hexane, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and trichloroacetic acid.
Phenolic compound standards (i.e., gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, sinapic acid, rutin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidini-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and Extrasynthèse (Geney, France). The aqueous solutions used in HPLC analysis were prepared with water that had been purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). All reagents and solvents were HPLC- or analytical-grade.

Melini V., Melini F., Luziatelli F, & Ruzzi M. (2023). Development of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Anthocyanins and Phenolic Acids in Black Beans. Foods, 12(19), 3566.

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Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Flower Anthocyanins

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HPLC analysis was carried out by Scistd Testing Co., LTD. (Qingdao, China). Anthocyanins were extracted using 50 mg of powdered petal (flower development stage 2–3) suspended in 5 ml of 0.5% (v/v) HCl‐methanol and incubated for 2 hr at 4°C in the dark. The extracts were then centrifuged for 15 min at 14,000 rpm, and the supernatants were collected and stored at −20°C. The supernatant was diluted with methanol to 5 ml and filtered through a cellulose acetate membrane (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany). HPLC was performed with Agilent 1260 Infinity LC (Agilent Technologies, USA). Anthocyanidin profile analysis was quantified at the 530 nm wavelength by using a calibration curve from commercial standards of anthocyanidins (pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin, Sigma, USA).

Zhang H., Koes R., Shang H., Fu Z., Wang L., Dong X., Zhang J., Passeri V., Li Y., Jiang H., Gao J., Li Y., Wang H, & Quattrocchio F.M. (2019). Identification and functional analysis of three new anthocyanin R2R3‐MYB genes in Petunia. Plant Direct, 3(1), e00114.

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HPLC-DAD Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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An aliquot of 3 mL was taken and filtered using 45 µm PTFE syringe tip filters (Merck Millipore, Ireland) into 2 mL vials. The following standards were used, according to availability in the laboratory depending on the investigations carried out: delphinidin, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallato, malvidin, p-coumaric acid, and cyanidin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Only the identified standards were reported. The HPLC-DAD instrument (Perkin Elmer, series 200, Massachusetts, USA) consisted of a binary pump, an autosampler, a diode array detector, a column compartment, and a Purospher STAR^® 100 RP-18 e columns (125 × 4 mm, 5 μm particle size) as described. Working conditions were established according to Ruiz et al. [22 (link)] using the following mobile phases: A= acetonitrile/formic acid/water (3:10:87); B = formic acid/water/acetonitrile (10:40:50), modifying the gradient of mobile phases. The DAD wavelengths were 280 and 520 nm for flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins, respectively.

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Procurement of Glycosylated Anthocyanins

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UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-arabinose, cyanidin, delphinidin, and malvidin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), and pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside were obtained from Phytolab (Germany).

Sun W., Sun S., Xu H., Wang Y., Chen Y., Xu X., Yi Y, & Ju Z. (2022). Characterization of Two Key Flavonoid 3-O-Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Formation of Flower Color in Rhododendron Delavayi. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 863482.

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Polyphenol Extraction and Analysis

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Methanol (employed as an extraction solvent and as mobile phase), and ultrapure water (for mobile phase preparation), both LC-MS grade, were supplied by Scharlau (Chemie S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Deionised water was produced in the laboratory with a MilliQ gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA), while formic acid was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals, such as ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent or hydrochloric acid (HCl), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). Catechin (CAS: 154-23-4, ≥99.0%) pro cyanidin B1 (CAS: 20315-25-7, ≥90%), caffeic acid (CAS 331-39-5, ≥98.0%), pro cyanidin B2 (CAS: -49-8, ≥90%), chlorogenic acid (CAS: 327-97-9, ≥95%), epiCatechin (CAS: 490-46-0; ≥98%), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CAS: 7400-08-0, ≥98.0%), myricetin (CAS: 529-44-2, ≥96.0%), quercetin (CAS: 117-39-5, ≥95%), kaempferol (CAS: 520-18-3, ≥97.0%), delphinidin (CAS: 528-53-0, ≥95%), petunidin (CAS: 1429-30-7, ≥90%), cyanidin (CAS: 528-58-5, ≥98%), peonidin (CAS: 134-01-0, ≥95%), and malvidin (CAS: 643-84-5, ≥95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Lončarić A., Celeiro M., Jozinović A., Jelinić J., Kovač T., Jokić S., Babić J., Moslavac T., Zavadlav S, & Lores M. (2020). Green Extraction Methods for Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Blueberry Pomace. Foods, 9(11), 1521.

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Antioxidant Compounds Extraction Protocol

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Methyl cellulose, gallic acid, and resveratrol were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent; α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2, 2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) di hydrochloride (AAPH); catechin and epigallocatechin gallate; malvidin; caftaric acid; cinnamic acid; and quercetin were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (Steinheim, Germany). Hydroxybenzoic acid was purchased from Fisons Scientific Apparatus (London, UK). Ethanol (100%) was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). MEthanol (100%) and hydrochloride were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All reagents and chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade or higher.

Ye Z., Qin Y., Harrison R., Hider R, & Bekhit A.E. (2022). Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Lees from New Zealand Wines with Different Vinification Backgrounds. Antioxidants, 11(12), 2335.

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Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Purple Corn

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Prior to use, purple corn was kept in a refrigerator (4 °C) after being purchased from Woodland Foods (Waukegan, Illinois, United States). All the standards for anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin chloride, delphinidin, malvidin and peonidin), flavonoids (epicatechin, kaempferol, morin, naringin and quercetin) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and hesperidin) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The 1,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), acetonitrile, ethanol, HPLC-grade water, and methanol (HPLC-grade) were bought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Other solvents and reagents were analytical grades with no other purification before usage. The deionized water for other experiments was sourced from the Milli-Q H₂O purification system (Millipore®, MA, USA).

Boateng I.D., Kumar R., Daubert C.R., Flint-Garcia S., Mustapha A., Kuehnel L., Agliata J., Li Q., Wan C, & Somavat P. (2023). Sonoprocessing improves phenolics profile, antioxidant capacity, structure, and product qualities of purple corn pericarp extract. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 95, 106418.

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Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Effects on ER Stress

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The H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line was purchased from ATCC (n° CRL-1446, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 1 mM pyruvate and 4.5 g/L glucose (Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France) and supplemented with 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France), and 10% FBS (Corning, Glendale, AZ, USA) at 37 °C under 5% CO₂/95% air. Severe ER stress was induced by TN treatment at 10 µg/mL (Tocris, Bristol, UK). EX-527 Sirtuin-1 inhibitor was used at 5 µM (Tocris, Bristol, UK). Its IC50 value was determined using the in vitro Fluor de Lys deacetylation assay and a purified human SIRT1 range from 38 to 150 nM. Berberine, Catechin, Ferulic Acid, Malvidin, Tyrosol, and Resveratrol were purchased from Merck-Sigma (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Butein, Isoliquiritigenin, Piceatannol, and Pterostilbene were purchased from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All phenolic phytochemicals were diluted in DMSO.

Monceaux K., Gressette M., Karoui A., Pires Da Silva J., Piquereau J., Ventura-Clapier R., Garnier A., Mericskay M, & Lemaire C. (2022). Ferulic Acid, Pterostilbene, and Tyrosol Protect the Heart from ER-Stress-Induced Injury by Activating SIRT1-Dependent Deacetylation of eIF2α. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6628.

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Antioxidant Compounds Characterization

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6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox; 97%); 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH); 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ; ≥ 98%); 3-aminophthal-hydrazide (Luminol; 97%); 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH; 97%); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2N); p-hydroxybenzoic acid (≥ 99%), chlorogenic acid (≥ 95%), p-coumaric acid (≥ 98%), caffeic acid ≥ 98%, ferulic acid (99%), syringic acid (≥ 95%), gallic acid (97.5–102.5%), ellagic acid (≥ 95%), and ascorbic acid (≥ 99%); beta-carotene (≥ 95%); rutin (≥ 94%); kaempferol (≥ 90%); kaempferol-3-glucoside (≥ 97%); malvidin (≥ 95%); delphinidin (≥ 95%); pelargonidin (≥ 95%); cyanidin (≥ 95%); cyanidin-3-glucoside (≥ 95%); quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside; ≥ 97%); quercetin-3-beta-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin; ≥ 90%); and quercetin-3-rhamnoside (quercitrin; ≥ 78%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quercetin (≥ 98%) was purchased from Jassem Chemical (Beerse, Belgium). Vanillic acid (≥ 97%) was purchased from Fluka Chemical (Bochus, Switzerland).

Denardin C.C., Hirsch G.E., da Rocha R.F., Vizzotto M., Henriques A.T., Moreira J.C., Guma F.T, & Emanuelli T. (2015). Antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds of four Brazilian native fruits. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23(3), 387-398.

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