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5 protocols using methanol

1

Comprehensive Illicit Drug Analysis

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All reference standards were obtained as certified solutions in methanol from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The studied illicit drugs and some of their studied metabolites were COT, MOR, MC, COD, AM, MA, MDA, BZE, NK, 6-MAM, MDMA, KET, and COC. Deuterated compounds COT-D3, MOR-D3, MC-D3, COD-D6, AM-D5, MA-D5, MDA-D5, BZE-D3, NK-D4, 6-MAM-D3, MDMA-D5, KET-D4, and COC-D3 used as isotope-labeled internal standards (IS) were also purchased from Cerilliant as 100 μg/mL solutions in methanol.
Mixed stock solutions were prepared with methanol at concentrations of 500 and 2500 ng/mL. Working standard solutions were prepared by appropriately diluting mixed stock solutions in methanol to different concentrations. All stock and working solutions were stored in the dark at −20 °C.
HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were purchased from Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). Formic acid (HCOOH) was obtained from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4⋅2H2O) were acquired from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Nanjing Miaozhiyi Electronic Technology, Nanjing, China).
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2

Methamphetamine Administration Protocol

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(+)-Methamphetamine hydrochloride (METH) for administration was obtained
from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. (±)-METH and
(±)-amphetamine (AMP) analytical standards in methanol and internal
standard (±)-1-phenyl-1,2-dideutero-2-[trideuteromethyl]aminopropane
(METH-D5) in methanol were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock,
TX). All concentrations were calculated as free base. Isoflurane solution,
injectable meloxicam (5 mg/mL) and gentamicin (40 mg/mL) were purchased from the
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) pharmacy supply room. Other
reagents and supplies were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company or
Thermo-Fisher Scientific, unless otherwise stated.
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3

Analytical Standards for Cannabis Compounds

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d9THC, d8THC, exoTHC, THCA, CBD, CBN, CBG, CBC, d9THCV, and CBDV were obtained as certified 1.0 mg/ml stock solutions (acetonitrile or methanol) from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX). 9R-d6a,10aTHC, 9S-d6a,10aTHC, 6aR,9R-d10THC, 6aR,9RS-d10THC, and d8THCV were obtained as 1.0 or 5.0 mg/ml stock solutions (acetonitrile) from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, all purities ≥95%). Olivetol (95%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), and a stock solution was prepared in ethanol. For analysis, aliquots (10—200 μL) of the standard stock solutions were taken for trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization in the same manner as the samples (see GC-MS Analysis Section).
Ethanol (200 proof, USP/ACS grade) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) and pyridine (certified ACS) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). BSTFA reagent [99:1 N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide: trimethylchlorosilane] was obtained from Regis Technologies (Morton Grove, IL). Deionized water (18 Mohm) was obtained from a Millipore filtration system fed by a service deionized water source.
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Diazepam and Nordiazepam Quantification Protocol

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Diazepam (C16H13ClN2O, 284.74 g mol−1) and norDiazepam (C15H11ClN2O, 270.71 g mol−1) (Fig. 1), Diazepam-d5 (isotopic purity; d0 0.00%) and norDiazepam-d5 (isotopic purity; d0 0.02%) were obtained as stock solutions in methanol (all with the chemical purity of 99%) from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Formic acid (> 99%, pro analysi) was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Ortho-phosphoric acid (85%, pro analysi) and sodium hydroxide (≥ 99%, pro analysi) came from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were from Fisher Scientific UK Limited (Loughborough, UK). A Milli-Q Academic water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA) with a Millipak-40 filter unit (0.22 μm, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to generate purified water.

The chemical structures of Diazepam and norDiazepam. Diazepam (R = CH3) and norDiazepam (R = H)

The stock solutions of Diazepam, Diazepam-d5, norDiazepam, and norDiazepam-d5 were stored at − 28 °C in the dark and diluted to working solutions with a mixture of 10 mM Formic acid in purified water/methanol (1/1, v/v) or 5 mM Formic acid in purified water/acetonitrile (90/10, v/v). The working solutions were stored at 4 °C in the dark. Phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 10 mM) was prepared from stock solutions of phosphoric acid (1 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M).
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5

Opioid and Synthetic Opioid Separations

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The run buffer used for opioid and synthetic opioid separations was 12 mmol/L acetic acid, 3.3 mmol/L ammonium acetate pH 4.4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in ultrapure water (Millipore Milli-Q, 18.0 MΩ-cm). Acetaminophen, caffeine, mannitol, procaine, quinine, and methanol were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
All fentanyl analogues (acetyl fentanyl, acryl fentanyl, benzyl fentanyl, butyryl fentanyl, furanyl fentanyl, methacryl fentanyl, methoxyacetyl fentanyl, phenyl fentanyl, valeryl fentanyl) were purchased as hydrochloride salts from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) or, when possible, as 1 mg·mL−1 methanolic solutions. Powdered standards and samples were dissolved gravimetrically in methanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The remaining opioids and narcotics (heroin, fentanyl, cocaine, U-47700) were purchased as 1 mg·mL−1 solutions in methanol or acetonitrile from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). All sample dilutions were prepared in run buffer, and methanol was added as necessary to allow for a constant 4 % by volume organic solvent across all analyses. When increased analyte concentrations were desired, standards were concentrated to assure each sample contained a maximum of 4 % (v/v) solvent.
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