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6 protocols using tlr3 agonist poly 1 c

1

Macrophage Immunological Profiling

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The following antibodies and conjugates were used in this study: anti‐F4/80 clone Cl:A3‐1. LXRα/β antiserum,[43 (link)
] LXRα (Abcam#PPZ0412), H3K27Ac (Abcam#ab4729), NOS‐2 (Santa Cruz#SC‐650 M‐19), ABCA1 (Novus Biologicals #NB400‐105), GAPDH (Abcam #ab9485‐100), Anti‐mouse‐HRP (Santa Cruz#SC‐2005), Anti‐rabbit‐HRP (Santa Cruz#SC‐2004), CD11b‐PerCP‐Cy5.5 (Biolegend #clone M1/70), F4/80‐PE or FITC (Ebioscience #clone BM8), Ly6G‐PE or FITC (BD Pharmingen #clone AL21), MHC‐II‐APC (eBioscience #M5/114.15.2). The following pharmacological reagents were obtained from the MRC PPU Reagents University of Dundee, UK: BI605906 (IKKβ inhibitor), 5Z‐7‐oxozeanol (TAK1 inhibitor), MRT67307 (TBK1 inhibitor) and the following products from Calbiochem: PD0325901 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), PD98059 (MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor), PIK‐75‐hydrochloride (inhibitor of p110α subunit of PI3‐Kinase), SB590885 (Raf‐1 inhibitor); HX531 (RXR inhibitor). TLR agonists, Poly I:C (TLR3 agonist) and ultrapure LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 strain‐ (TLR4 ligand) were obtained from Invivogen and were used at 10 µg ml−1 and 100 ng ml−1 respectively.
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2

Viral Infection and Immune Response Assay

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HSV-1 virus stock (VR-733) was purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). PRR agonists CpG (ODN2395), CL264 (cat#: tlrl-c264e), LPS (cat#: tlrl-b5LPS), Pam3CSK4 (cat#: tlrl-pms), PolydA:dT (cat#: tlrl-patc), PolyI:C-LMW (cat#:tlrl-picwlv), polyI:C-TLR3 agonist (cat#: tlrl-picw), and SS40 (cat#: tlrl-lrna40) were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA). Recombinant human TNFα (cat# 210-TA-020/CF), IL-1β (cat# 201-LB-005), IFNγ, IL-4, IL-22, GM-CSF, monoclonal mouse IgG1 Clone#11711 (Cat# MAB002), human IL-1β/IL-1F2 antibody (MAB601), human TNFαR1/TNFRSF1A antibody (MAB625), and anti-human IFNγR1 antibody (MAB6731) were bought from R&D systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN). Recombinant human IFNα (cat#:11101-1) and mouse anti-human IFNα (cat#: 21112-1) were purchased from PBL Biomedical Laboratories (Piscataway, NJ). Myc-DDK1-tagged RELA (RC220780), Myc-DDK1-tagged NFKB1 (RC208384), Myc-DDK1-tagged IRF7 (RC217934), Myc-DDK1-tagged ANKRD1 (RC205609) and Myc-DDK1-tagged STING were purchased from OriGene (Rockville, MD). Dr. Hong-Bing Shu (Wuhan University, China) kindly provided pCMV-flag-IRF3 and pCMV-flag-MyD88. PRK-neo-HA-ANKRD1 was generated in our lab by insertion of an encoding cDNA fragment in frame into PRK-neo-HA vector (a kind gift from Dr. Hong-Bing Shu).
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3

Peptides for Immunogenicity Studies

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Peptides vimentin aa28-49wt (RSYVTTSTRTYSLGSALRPSTS), aa28-49cit (cit-SYVTTST-cit-TYSLGSAL-cit-PSTS), aa415-433wt (LPNFSSLNLRETNLDSLPL), aa415-433cit (LPNFSSLNL-cit-ETNLDSLPL) and enolase aa241-260cit (VIGMDVAASEFF-cit-SGKYDLD) and aa241-260wt (VIGMDVAASEFFRSGKYDLD) were synthesised at >90% purity by GenScript (USA) and stored lyophilised at −80°C. Prior to use, peptides were reconstituted to the appropriate concentration in PBS (Sigma, UK). Peptides linked via the N terminus to TLR1/2 ligand AMPLIVANT were manufactured by ISA Pharmaceuticals, Netherlands.29 (link) Adjuvants tested included murine GM-CSF (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany), TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 (InvivoGen, USA), TLR4 agonist MPLA (Sigma), TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) (InvivoGen), TLR7 agonist Imiquimod (InvivoGen, USA) and TLR1/2 ligand AMPLIVANT (ISA Pharmaceuticals, Netherlands).30 (link)
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4

Immunostaining and FACS Analysis Protocols

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The antibodies used for immunostaining were mouse anti-E glycoprotein (4G2) kindly provided by P. Despres (PIMIT, Université de La Réunion-INSERM France) and anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) Alexa Fluor 555 Secondary Antibody (Life Technologies). The antibodies used for western blot detection were anti-ISG15 (Santa Cruz), anti-flag (clone M2; Sigma-Aldrich) and mouse anti-actin (clone AC74; Sigma-Aldrich). The antibodies used for FACS analysis were APC-conjugated anti-CD163 (clone REA812, MACS Miltenyi Biotec), PE-conjugated mouse anti-HLA-DR (clone LN3, Invitrogen); PE-Cy7-conjugated mouse anti-CD11b (clone ICRF44, BD Biosciences), Pacific Blue-conjugated mouse anti-CD14 (clone 63D3, Biolegend). Other reagents include TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) (Invivogen); Hoescht (Life Technologies) and cDNA synthesis and qPCR kits (Life Technologies). The reagents for the preparation of the libraries include: Vivaspin unit 100 MWA (Sartorius); Pico Total RNA kit (Agilent), T4 RNA ligase (New England Biolabs); Superscript III (Life Technology); Ultra DNA Library Prep kit for Illumina (New England Biolabs): AMPure XP beads (Agencourt); and High Sensitivity DNA kit (Agilent).
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5

Cell Culture and Reagent Preparation

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Huh7.5.1 cells (Zhong et al., 2005 (link)) (RRID:CVCL_E049), Vero cells (CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059), and BHK-21 cells (ATCC Cat# CCL-10, RRID:CVCL_1915) were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 units (U)/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies). Cells were maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2. MEFs were maintained in supplemented RPMI growth media. The work involved cell line, with routinely verify status for contamination (e.g. Mycoplasma).
Cell culture reagents included the TLR7 agonist (IMQ; imiquimod) and TLR7/8 agonist (R848) (Invivogen, San Diego, CA); TLR7 antagonist, IRS661 (5’-TGCTTGCAAGCTTGCAAGCA-3’) synthesized on a phosphorothioate backbone (MWG Biotech, Ebersberg, Germany); TLR3 agonist (poly-I:C) (Invivogen); TLR9 agonist (CpG) (Invivogen); recombinant IFNβ (PBL Interferon Source, Piscataway, NJ). General reagents included: paraformaldehyde (PFA) and brefeldin A (BFA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO); Ficoll-Hypaque (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Piscataway, NJ).
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6

HCV Genome Sensing and Signaling

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Hepatoma Huh7.5 cell line (provided by Dr. Charles Rice, Rockefeller University) and Huh7.5–20 producing JFH1 HCV (provided by Dr. T. Jake Liang, National Institutes of Health) were cultured in DMEM-based complete growth medium. The 293HEK cell line expressing TLR3, TLR7 or TLR8, and the plasmid pNiFty2-Luc were obtained from Invivogen (USA). The pNiFty2-Luc plasmid contains a reporter gene expression cassette that allows firefly luciferase production under the control of NF-κB. Nine sequences within the HCV genome containing around 65% GU were selected and synthesized (Integrated DNA Technologies, Canada). TLR7/8 agonist RNA40, CL097 and TLR3 agonist poly I:C were obtained from Invivogen. DC-SIGN blocking antibody and matched isotype control were obtained from R&D Systems.
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